Filozofia
type: channel
description: Filozofia je akademický časopis, ktorý uverejňuje výsledky základného výskumu z oblasti filozofie (metafyzika, ontológia, epistemológia, filozofia mysle, dejiny filozofie, sociálna a politická filozofia) a príbuzných disciplín (najmä logika, metodológia, etika). Filozofia je recenzovaný časopis, ktorý je otvorený pre všetkých autorov nezávisle od ich metodológie, resp. myšlienkovej orientácie. Filozofia vychádza 6-krát ročne: vo februári (číslo 1), v apríli (číslo 2), v máji (číslo 3), v septembri (číslo 4), v októbri (číslo 5) a v decembri (číslo 6).
publisher: Filozofický ústav SAV, v.v.i.
language: en
publication name: Filozofia
issn: 0046-385X
copyright: Toto dielo je licencované pod Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
items: 200 rokov Maďarskej akadémie vied: Kontakty maďarskej a slovenskej vedy v dejinách a súčasnosti akadémie
items: Lea David: A Victim‘s Shoe, a Broken Watch, and Marbles: Desire Objects and Human Rights
items: The Right Use of Reason in the Moral Theories of Aristotle and Habermas
items: Introduction to the Monothematic Block: The Human Being in the Coordinates of Symbolic Structures
items: FACUNDO BEY (Ed.): Hans-Georg Gadamer. Cuestiones abiertas / Open Questions
items: Michel Eltchaninoff: Lenin Walked on the Moon
items: Introduction to the Monothematic Block: Socrates in the 20th Century
items: Metapopulistická demokracia ako filozofia interregna
items: Hegel and Gombrich on the Particular Forms of Art and their Persistence
items: Mohol by byť veľký jazykový model (LLM) vedomý?
items: Vasil Gluchman: Podoby sekulárneho humanizmu na Slovensku v 20. storočí (do roku 1989)
items: Patočka’s Socrates and His Socratic Politics
items: Problém autonómie subjektu v Nussbaumovej teórii spôsobilostí
items: K autonómii a ľudským právam: je autonómia nevyhnutná?
items: The Experience of Strangeness and the Possibility of Manifestations in Social Roles with Reference to A. Schutz and H. Plessner
items: Spor o definici argumentace
items: Feuerbach’s Anthropomorphic Critique of Kant’s Theism
items: Neofregeovská reinterpretácia Traktátu a pojem holého indivídua
items: A Precursor to Dialogical Philosophy? Buber’s Ambiguous View of Socrates
items: The Conflict between the Old and the New Soap-Cellars and Kierkegaard’s Relation with Speculative Thought
items: Nemožná trhová demokracia
items: Problém vnitřku vnitřního vědomí v Husserlově fenomenologii se zřetelem k pojmu vnitřního u Platóna
items: Gadamer's Socratic Plato
items: Truth, Plurality, and Political Phenomenology: Hannah Arendt’s Socrates
items: Desire As a Way of Knowing What Is Good in the Ethics of J. S. Mill (and Some Other Philosophers)
items: Úvod k monotematickému bloku: Megarici a ich miesto v sokratovskom hnutí
items: Kant on the Political Obligation of Philosophers: Reading the Secret Article in Toward Perpetual Peace
items: The Other of the Other: Seth Benardete’s View of Socrates
items: Topoanalysis and Cultural Images: The Case of the cul-de-sac
items: “Art Has No Power over Schein through Its Abolition”

200 rokov Maďarskej akadémie vied: Kontakty maďarskej a slovenskej vedy v dejinách a súčasnosti akadémie
type: item
subject: Rôzne (Z vedeckého života, Rozhľady, Anotácie, …
  topic: section
subject: conference
  topic: keywords
subject: Hungarian Academy of Sciences
  topic: keywords
creator: Laura Kladeková
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Laura Kladeková https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12

Lea David: A Victim‘s Shoe, a Broken Watch, and Marbles: Desire Objects and Human Rights
type: item
description: A book review of Lea David's A Victim‘s Shoe, a Broken Watch, and Marbles: Desire Objects and Human Rights. New York: Columbia University Press 2025, 328pp.
subject: Knižné recenzie
  topic: section
subject: book review
  topic: keywords
subject: Lea David
  topic: keywords
creator: Tatiana Sedová
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tatiana Sedová https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.6.10

The Right Use of Reason in the Moral Theories of Aristotle and Habermas
type: item
description: The Aristotelian distinction between technical and moral reason, production and interaction permeates Habermas’s thought. But in moral theory, Habermas’s main emphasis is on the decontextualized justification of moral norms, while Aristotle’s focus is on contextualized judgment. The paper argues that Aristotle’s theory of practical wisdom could be instructive for discourse ethics. Habermas has not been open to this possibility because he has appropriated the neo-Aristotelian interpretation of Aristotle, in which practical wisdom is subordinated to traditional norms, an interpretation that neglects the role of reason in moral deliberation. Moreover, the contemporary ethos is impregnated with universal moral demands which, it is supposed, should guide our moral judgments. It is further argued that there are elements in Habermas’s theory of moral and social development which can serve a role comparable to that of teleology in Aristotle. The paper maintains that a possible way to strengthen discourse ethics by incorporating practical wisdom is to tease out the implications of the fact that both Habermas and Aristotle build their views on the human capacity for speech and reasoning.
subject: State
  topic: section
subject: application
  topic: keywords
subject: discourse ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: justification
  topic: keywords
subject: neo-Aristotelianism
  topic: keywords
subject: moral reasoning
  topic: keywords
subject: practical wisdom
  topic: keywords
creator: Vilhjálmur Árnason
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Vilhjálmur Árnason https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.6.1

Introduction to the Monothematic Block: The Human Being in the Coordinates of Symbolic Structures
type: item
subject: Rôzne (Z vedeckého života, Rozhľady, Anotácie, …
  topic: section
subject: introduction
  topic: keywords
subject: monothematic block
  topic: keywords
subject: human being
  topic: keywords
subject: symbolic structures
  topic: keywords
creator: Jaroslava Vydrová
creator: Jon Stewart
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jaroslava Vydrová, Jon Stewart https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-16
publication date: 2025-10-16

FACUNDO BEY (Ed.): Hans-Georg Gadamer. Cuestiones abiertas / Open Questions
type: item
description: A book review of Facundo Bey's (ed.): Hans-Georg Gadamer. Cuestiones abiertas / Open Questions. Quito: Filosófica Editorial 2025, 476 pp.
subject: Knižné recenzie
  topic: section
subject: Hermeneutics
  topic: keywords
subject: Gadamer
  topic: keywords
subject: book review
  topic: keywords
creator: Martín Prestía
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Martín Prestía https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-16
publication date: 2025-10-16
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.5.11

Michel Eltchaninoff: Lenin Walked on the Moon
type: item
description: A review of the book of Michel Eltchaninoff: Lenin Walked on the Moon, trans. by Tina Kover. London: Europa Editions, 2023, pp. 256.
subject: Knižné recenzie
  topic: section
subject: a book review
  topic: keywords
subject: Eltchaninoff
  topic: keywords
subject: cosmism
  topic: keywords
creator: Mark Coeckelbergh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mark Coeckelbergh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-24
publication date: 2025-09-24
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.4.9

Introduction to the Monothematic Block: Socrates in the 20th Century
type: item
subject: Rôzne (Z vedeckého života, Rozhľady, Anotácie, …
  topic: section
subject: introduction
  topic: keywords
subject: Socrates
  topic: keywords
creator: Jozef Majerník
creator: Refik Güremen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jozef Majerník, Refik Güremen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-24
publication date: 2025-09-24

Metapopulistická demokracia ako filozofia interregna
type: item
description: The review study focuses on the philosophical interpretation and critical reflection of the concept of metapopulist democracy as developed by Michael Hauser. Against the backdrop of the crisis of the liberal order and the transformation of political rationality, it examines how Hauser redefines the concepts of the people, representation, and human rights in the conditions of interregnum. The text uses a hermeneutic-critical approach and shows that metapopulism can be understood as an attempt to renew emancipatory politics in an era of exhausted modern ideals. The study also evaluates the theoretical and methodological contributions of Hauser’s concept to contemporary political philosophy and its Central European context.
subject: Recenzné štúdie
  topic: section
subject: critical theory
  topic: keywords
subject: interregnum
  topic: keywords
subject: liberal democracy
  topic: keywords
subject: metamodernism
  topic: keywords
subject: metapopulism
  topic: keywords
creator: Anna Mravcová
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anna Mravcová https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.6.8

Hegel and Gombrich on the Particular Forms of Art and their Persistence
type: item
description: Hegel’s aesthetics is not only organized around a developed account of the differing artistic genres (from architecture to poetry) but also articulates the importance of the particular forms of art (i.e., the symbolic, classical and romantic). The oppositions involved in Hegel’s treatment of the particular forms of art – particularly that between the symbolic and the classical – also have an importance for the twentieth-century art historian E. H. Gombrich, who frames their relation as an opposition between what he called the “incarnational” side of art and the “challenge to the senses” that he thought the symbolic art form posed. This paper compares Gombrich’s and Hegel’s views of these art forms and turns in a final section to an exploration of the post- Hegelian, post-Gombrichian legacy of these issues.
subject: State
  topic: section
subject: Gombrich
  topic: keywords
subject: Hegel
  topic: keywords
subject: artistic form
  topic: keywords
subject: Moritz
  topic: keywords
subject: symbol
  topic: keywords
subject: beauty
  topic: keywords
subject: absolute spirit
  topic: keywords
creator: Allen Speight
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Allen Speight https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-16
publication date: 2025-10-16
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.5.1

Mohol by byť veľký jazykový model (LLM) vedomý?
type: item
description: There has recently been widespread discussion of whether large language models such as the GPT systems might be sentient or conscious. Should we take this idea seriously? I will discuss the underlying issue and will break down the strongest reasons for and against.
subject: State
  topic: section
subject: consciousness
  topic: keywords
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Turing test
  topic: keywords
creator: David J. Chalmers
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 David J. Chalmers https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-24
publication date: 2025-09-24
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.4.1

Vasil Gluchman: Podoby sekulárneho humanizmu na Slovensku v 20. storočí (do roku 1989)
type: item
description: A review of the book of Vasil Gluchman: Podoby sekulárneho humanizmu na Slovensku v 20. storočí (do roku 1989). Prešov: Prešovská univerzita v Prešove 2024, 228 pp.
subject: Knižné recenzie
  topic: section
subject: knižná recenzia
  topic: keywords
subject: Gluchman
  topic: keywords
subject: humanizmus
  topic: keywords
creator: Dmytro Tomakh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dmytro Tomakh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-24
publication date: 2025-09-24
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.4.10

Patočka’s Socrates and His Socratic Politics
type: item
description: This paper gives an account of Jan Patočka’s reception of the figure of Socrates. Patočka sees as Socrates’ most important insight his knowledge of ignorance – the fact that we lack knowledge of the most important things in life, but we merely have opinions of them. Socrates then questions and examines such opinions, his own as well as those of others, and this practice of questioning thinking is what Patočka calls care for the soul, and which he understands as the general form of all genuine philosophic questioning. The mature Patočka understood the entirety of Plato’s thought as rooted in his account of the self-moving soul, and this account as arising from reflection on Socratic questioning. Finally, I argue that Patočka’s decision to actively engage with the Charter 77 movement was explicitly motivated by the example of Socrates.
subject: State
  topic: section
subject: Jan Patočka
  topic: keywords
subject: Socrates
  topic: keywords
subject: Plato
  topic: keywords
subject: the soul
  topic: keywords
subject: care for the soul
  topic: keywords
subject: political philosophy
  topic: keywords
creator: Jozef Majerník
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jozef Majerník https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-24
publication date: 2025-09-24
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.4.6

Problém autonómie subjektu v Nussbaumovej teórii spôsobilostí
type: item
description: This paper deals with autonomy in political philosophy and theories of justice. The starting point is a critique of traditional, abstract concepts of autonomy (stoicism, social contract theory), which, according to Martha C. Nussbaum, fail to adequately respond to real human vulnerability and inequality. It presents an alternative – the capabilities approach, which redefines autonomy as a set of real possibilities for leading a dignified life. The core is a critical analysis of Nussbaum’s theory. It identifies three key tensions: between antipaternalistic respect for choice and the normative character of her list of capabilities; between the individualistic basis and the necessity of collective action; and between the emphasis on external conditions and the insufficient elaboration of internal, psychological barriers to autonomy. The article assesses that Nussbaum’s main contribution lies not in the final solution, but in the productive redefinition of the question of the conditions of human autonomy.
subject: State
  topic: section
subject: autonomy
  topic: keywords
subject: Martha C. Nussbaum
  topic: keywords
subject: capabilities approach
  topic: keywords
subject: political philosophy
  topic: keywords
subject: paternalism
  topic: keywords
subject: human diginity
  topic: keywords
subject: liberalism
  topic: keywords
creator: Martin Foltin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Martin Foltin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.6.3

K autonómii a ľudským právam: je autonómia nevyhnutná?
type: item
description: The paper deals with the distinction between different aspects of autonomy. Kant’s two kinds of freedom are discussed. Regarding human rights there are interpreters who claim that autonomy and human rights are barely distinguishable and, by contrast, other thinkers who deny any relevance of autonomy for human rights. The author tries to propose a middle ground interpretation.
subject: State
  topic: section
subject: autonomy
  topic: keywords
subject: authenticity
  topic: keywords
subject: Kant on autonomy
  topic: keywords
subject: Kant's critics
  topic: keywords
subject: Ferrara
  topic: keywords
subject: aspects of autonomy
  topic: keywords
creator: Tatiana Sedová
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tatiana Sedová https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.6.2

The Experience of Strangeness and the Possibility of Manifestations in Social Roles with Reference to A. Schutz and H. Plessner
type: item
description: The aim of the article is to describe the peculiar situation of a stranger and a homecomer from the perspective of what they have at their disposal and how they occur in social relations. In this regard, firstly, we explore the configurations of the experience, and secondly, the forms of performing roles in private and public space, diplomacy and tact. This is examined with reference to the ideas of liminal subjectivity in A. Schutz and radical artificiality in H. Plessner. Both thinkers drew from the phenomenological tradition and were concerned with questions of social relations, although they rarely appear together in theoretical considerations. The study does not intend to compare them; however, it does indicate how an exploration of their ideas can contribute to gaining greater insight into peculiar intersubjective relations.
subject: State
  topic: section
subject: Schutz
  topic: keywords
subject: Plessner
  topic: keywords
subject: phenomenology of sociality
  topic: keywords
subject: stranger
  topic: keywords
subject: homecomer
  topic: keywords
subject: role
  topic: keywords
subject: manifestation
  topic: keywords
creator: Jaroslava Vydrová
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jaroslava Vydrová https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-16
publication date: 2025-10-16
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.5.7

Spor o definici argumentace
type: item
description: Zouhar (2020) offers a critique of the pragma-dialectical definition of argumentation, drawing on model dialogues between cooperative speakers. I argue that this critique is unfounded. The dialogues in question do not constitute counterexamples, as the pragma-dialectical definition does not require the presence of an opponent, the controversiality of the defended proposition, or even the preexistence of a clash of opinions. I further compare the aims and values embedded in the pragma-dialectical definition with those articulated in Zouhar’s general definition of argumentation. I contend that the difference between the two is merely a matter of formulation and that both definitions capture identical underlying concept of argumentation in the same redundant fashion.
subject: Diskusie – polemiky
  topic: section
subject: argumentation
  topic: keywords
subject: definition of argumentation
  topic: keywords
subject: disagreement
  topic: keywords
creator: Marek Picha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Marek Picha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.6.9

Feuerbach’s Anthropomorphic Critique of Kant’s Theism
type: item
description: Scholars have not noticed that Immanuel Kant’s theoretical and practical (moral) conceptions of God inspired the structure of Ludwig Feuerbach’s general account of God in his The Essence of Christianity and that Kant’s theism is a primary target in Feuerbach’s anthropomorphic critique. To recognize the role of Kant’s account of God in Feuerbach’s Essence opens up new vistas in understanding both philosophers on the origin, nature and reality of the concept of God. I conclude by defending the plausibility of Feuerbach’s anthropomorphic critique of Kant’s theism, although Feuerbach does not always construe Kant’s views accurately.
subject: State
  topic: section
subject: Kant
  topic: keywords
subject: Feuerbach
  topic: keywords
subject: God
  topic: keywords
subject: anthropomorphism
  topic: keywords
subject: morality
  topic: keywords
creator: Lou Matz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Lou Matz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-16
publication date: 2025-10-16
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.5.2

Neofregeovská reinterpretácia Traktátu a pojem holého indivídua
type: item
description: In the article “Frege’s Der Gedanke as a Rival Project to Wittgenstein’s Tractatus,” we considered the question of the explication of the concepts of fact and world to be the key difference between these projects. Tichý proposed reconciling the two by reinterpreting Wittgenstein’s complexes as abstract procedures that rely on the modal concept of the bare individual. Russell’s misunderstanding of Frege’s distinction between the sense and denotation of an expression significantly influenced Wittgenstein. Tichý’s concept of an abstract procedure closely resembles Frege’s concept of compound thought. We supplement Tichý’s explanation of the concept of the bare individual by distinguishing between two suppositions of proper names, de dicto and de re. This distinction brings us closer to Frege’s own distinction between the sense and denotation of proper names. Finally, we present an explanation that the core of the semantic error of logical atomism is the assumed tropism.
subject: State
  topic: section
subject: abstract procedure
  topic: keywords
subject: compound thought
  topic: keywords
subject: bare individual
  topic: keywords
subject: sense and denotation (reference) of an expression
  topic: keywords
subject: logical atomism
  topic: keywords
subject: tropism
  topic: keywords
creator: František Gahér
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 František Gahér https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.6.4

A Precursor to Dialogical Philosophy? Buber’s Ambiguous View of Socrates
type: item
description: Martin Buber’s reception of Socrates is complex and its emphases shifted over time. In the present article I first demonstrate how Buber included Socrates in his project of dialogical philosophy and depicted him as an ally in his confrontation with monological philosophical paradigms. Subsequently, I highlight those aspects of Socrates’ doctrine which Buber considered problematic, often discussing them in connection with Jewish spirituality. I continue by analyzing Buber’s ideal of dialogical education, in which his confrontation with Socrates plays a central role. Finally, I present an overall evaluation of Buber’s reception of Socrates, commenting on its development and dynamics.
subject: State
  topic: section
subject: dialogical philosophy
  topic: keywords
subject: education
  topic: keywords
subject: Socrates
  topic: keywords
subject: Martin Buber
  topic: keywords
creator: Peter Šajda
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Peter Šajda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-24
publication date: 2025-09-24
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.4.8

The Conflict between the Old and the New Soap-Cellars and Kierkegaard’s Relation with Speculative Thought
type: item
description: In this article I offer a historical analysis of Kierkegaard’s early, unpublished theatrical work, The Conflict between the Old and the New Soap-Cellars. In this comedy, it is possible to trace a number of expressions that ridicule the philosophical view of Martensen, which in turn is associated with Hegelianism and speculative thought. However, I wish to argue that, if one pays close attention to some passages in Kierkegaard’s early journals in the 1830s, specifically the so-called journal of Gilleleje, one notes that he actually seems to agree with Martensen on several points. In my view, this would show that, despite Kierkegaard’s hostility towards Martensen in the Soap-Cellars, he was actually sympathetic to some of the latter’s ideas. This analysis would help us to better understand the philosophical position of young Kierkegaard, who, as it turns out, had a more favorable opinion of speculative thinking than is often thought.
subject: State
  topic: section
subject: Kierkegaard
  topic: keywords
subject: Martensen
  topic: keywords
subject: Hegel
  topic: keywords
subject: Heiberg
  topic: keywords
subject: Speculative thought
  topic: keywords
subject: Golden Age Denmark
  topic: keywords
subject: Satire
  topic: keywords
creator: Nassim Bravo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nassim Bravo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-24
publication date: 2025-09-24
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.4.2

Nemožná trhová demokracia
type: item
description: When the discourse on crises sidesteps the system’s shortcomings democracy is in a bad way. Institutions, social networks and individualism are to blame. It's the fault of the “radicalism of extremes,” or even of our powerlessness in the face of economic violence, which needs to be softened. Yet capitalism is founded on the division between the economic and the political, which makes it fundamentally anti-democratic.
subject: State
  topic: section
subject: democracy
  topic: keywords
subject: capitalism
  topic: keywords
subject: crisis
  topic: keywords
subject: hegemony
  topic: keywords
subject: politicism
  topic: keywords
subject: progressive neoliberalism
  topic: keywords
creator: Nancy Fraser
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nancy Fraser https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-19
publication date: 2025-05-19
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.3.1

Problém vnitřku vnitřního vědomí v Husserlově fenomenologii se zřetelem k pojmu vnitřního u Platóna
type: item
description: This study explores parallels between Plato’s soul structure and Husserl’s intentional consciousness regarding the “inner.” It argues Plato’s “inner” is a relational view of soul and world via action, surprisingly connected to Husserl’s overcoming psychologization and dynamic intentionality. This path suggests that what appears a subjectivist or Cartesian legacy within phenomenology has deeper roots, namely Husserl’s central motif of the inner as inner consciousness, the ground in which all constitution occurs. Despite parallels, the study notes key differences in their architectonics (soul vs. immanent consciousness, ideal, theoria). Ultimately, it shows phenomenology’s approach to the “inner” as unveiling external meaning’s presuppositions offers a distinct yet complementary perspective to Plato’s soul structure in the order of Forms.
subject: State
  topic: section
subject: Husserl
  topic: keywords
subject: Plato
  topic: keywords
subject: the inner
  topic: keywords
subject: the whole
  topic: keywords
subject: evidence
  topic: keywords
creator: David Rybák
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 David Rybák https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-16
publication date: 2025-10-16
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.5.3

Gadamer's Socratic Plato
type: item
description: Socrates provides the model for philosophy for Gadamer, who follows Plato and the example of Socrates with the claim that philosophy is dialectic and that dialectic is carried out through dialogue. The Socratic dialogues are exemplary in their open-endedness and their embrace of finitude. Gadamer is influenced by Heidegger’s thought, yet he resists Heidegger’s interpretation of Plato. The essay examines Gadamer’s account of the proximity of the thought of Plato and Aristotle and Gadamer’s claim that Aristotle’s ethics can already be found in Plato. I argue that Gadamer does not adequately attend to the distinction of logos and nous in the thought of Plato and Aristotle.
subject: State
  topic: section
subject: hermeneutics
  topic: keywords
subject: dialectic
  topic: keywords
subject: dialogue
  topic: keywords
subject: logos
  topic: keywords
subject: nous
  topic: keywords
subject: indeterminate Two
  topic: keywords
subject: phronesis
  topic: keywords
subject: Socrates
  topic: keywords
subject: Plato
  topic: keywords
subject: Aristotle
  topic: keywords
subject: Heidegger
  topic: keywords
creator: Robert J. Dostal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Robert J. Dostal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-24
publication date: 2025-09-24
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.4.4

Truth, Plurality, and Political Phenomenology: Hannah Arendt’s Socrates
type: item
description: This paper examines Hannah Arendt’s Socrates. I argue that Arendt construes Socrates as a model of the compatibility of philosophy and politics. This model uniquely articulates this compatibility through a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach, where truth is conceived as a perspectival disclosure of meaning in the plural and discursive world of politics. I further contend that the more solitary features of Arendt’s Socrates (thinking as internal dialogue, and speechless wonder) also contribute to the political realm as a site of truth.
subject: State
  topic: section
subject: Arendt
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subject: Socrates
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subject: truth
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subject: hermeneutics
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subject: phenomenology
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subject: plurality
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creator: Antoine Pageau-St-Hilaire
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Antoine Pageau-St-Hilaire https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-24
publication date: 2025-09-24
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.4.5

Desire As a Way of Knowing What Is Good in the Ethics of J. S. Mill (and Some Other Philosophers)
type: item
description: John Stuart Mill asks in Utilitarianism how we know the first principles of morality. He answers that desire, which he compares to sensory faculties, is how we know that something is desirable. I suggest we take him at his word – desire is the faculty, or something very similar, of moral perception – and I give some provisional analysis of this idea. In assigning desire a role in moral knowledge, Mill connects to other philosophers who have done the same, including Aristotle and Boethius. Mill himself fails to give a thorough account of metaethics, but in considering desire as a faculty he adds an important epistemological component to the tradition of including desire in the account of moral knowledge. I suggest that Mill’s ideas can inform the ideas of others in the tradition, and vice versa. Finally, I suggest that this whole conversation might be able to inform contemporary discussions of desire.
subject: State
  topic: section
subject: Aristotle
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subject: Boethius
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subject: J. S. Mill
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subject: desire
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subject: moral psychology
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subject: moral epistemology
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creator: Mark Boone
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mark Boone https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.6.6

Úvod k monotematickému bloku: Megarici a ich miesto v sokratovskom hnutí
type: item
description: Miscellaneous
subject: Rôzne (Z vedeckého života, Rozhľady, Anotácie, …
  topic: section
subject: megarici
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subject: monotematický blok
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creator: Vladislav Suvák
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Vladislav Suvák https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-19
publication date: 2025-05-19

Kant on the Political Obligation of Philosophers: Reading the Secret Article in Toward Perpetual Peace
type: item
description: This paper offers an interpretive framework for understanding Kant’s “secret article” in Toward Perpetual Peace as contributing to a three-step transition toward a republican constitution. First, rulers permit philosophers to speak freely and publicly and learn from them in secret. Second, rulers extend this freedom of public reason to all citizens, reflecting Kant’s enlightenment ideal in “What Is Enlightenment?” Third, rulers relinquish legislative power, allowing the public to become the de facto legislator—thus separating executive and legislative powers, which is essential to republican government. This reading reveals that Kant’s view of the relationship between philosophy and politics differs significantly from those of Plato and Machiavelli. He rejects both the Platonic philosopher-king and Machiavelli’s secret advisor model. Instead, Kant sees philosophers as agents of enlightenment whose influence lies not in ruling or advising rulers, but in preparing conditions necessary for perpetual peace.
subject: State
  topic: section
subject: Kant
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subject: Toward Perpetual Peace
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subject: “secret article”
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subject: enlightenment
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subject: republicanism
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creator: Yufei Zhao
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yufei Zhao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.6.7

The Other of the Other: Seth Benardete’s View of Socrates
type: item
description: Following in the footsteps of his teacher Leo Strauss, Seth Benardete devoted his life to understanding “the problem of Socrates”: Plato’s complex and enigmatic portrayal of the ironic Socrates’ embodiment of the philosophic life. This paper introduces Benardete’s rich and dense interpretive work by focusing on his understanding of two of Socrates’ most distinctive characteristics: his daimonion and his eros. Like Strauss, Benardete reads Plato’s dialogues as a response to Aristophanes’ fundamental but friendly critique of Socrates in the Clouds. In this context, the daimonion and eros emerge as the manifestation of Socrates’ self-knowledge, and thus of political philosophy as the “eccentric core” of philosophy. Guided by Plato, Benardete subsequently moves beyond the “quarrel between poetry and philosophy” to trace the Socratic turn and the origins of political philosophy all the way back to Homer.
subject: State
  topic: section
subject: daimonion
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subject: eros
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subject: Socrates
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subject: Seth Benardete
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subject: Leo Strauss
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creator: David Janssens
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 David Janssens https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-24
publication date: 2025-09-24
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.4.7

Topoanalysis and Cultural Images: The Case of the cul-de-sac
type: item
description: The study deals with the possibilities of using the topoanalytical method applied to cultural images of urban spaces. As a guiding example, the phenomenon of a specific space, such as the cul-de-sac, is highlighted here. The author shows how the metaphor of the cul-de-sac as a description of a dead-end situation developed. It was historically imagined in three modes: as a dark and narrow alley (with an emphasis on the play of light, darkness, groping around and uncertain steps), as a space of wandering and being-lost, and finally as an image of impassability, of stopping and thus of a situation without a way out. Beyond the metaphorical and symbolic use of this image, attitudes to the place of the cul-de-sac in urban infrastructure have also changed: from its elimination in urban planning to its invocation as a positive value.
subject: State
  topic: section
subject: Topoanalysis
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subject: Cultural Images
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subject: Imaginative sets
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subject: Metaphors
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subject: Cul-de-sac
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creator: Anton Vydra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anton Vydra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-16
publication date: 2025-10-16
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.5.9

“Art Has No Power over Schein through Its Abolition”
type: item
description: Theodor Adorno’s aesthetics takes up the German Idealist and Romantic idea of “Schein” – the “beautiful illusion” characteristic of authentic art – and reinterprets it through the lens of his own very particular kind of dialectical Marxism. Unlike his friend, Walter Benjamin, who welcomed the overcoming of so-called auratic art, Adorno believed that Schein can thus be vindicated. Whether this is so, the article argues, depends on how far one accepts Adorno’s adoption of a Marxist-Hegelian conception of social meaning.
subject: State
  topic: section
subject: Adorno
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subject: Hegel
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subject: art
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subject: Schein
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subject: interpretation
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subject: Marxism
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subject: beauty
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subject: illusion
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subject: meaning
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creator: Michael Rosen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Michael Rosen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-16
publication date: 2025-04-16
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.2.1