Filozofia
type: channel
description: Filozofia is an academic journal publishing original articles in a wide range of areas including metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of mind, history of philosophy, social and political philosophy, and related disciplines, such as logic, methodology and ethics. Filozofia is double-blind peer-reviewed journal and is open to all authors, independently of their methodology and/or theoretical background. Filozofia is published 6 times per year: in February (no. 1), April (no. 2), May (no. 3), September (no. 4), October (no. 5), and December (no. 6).
publisher: Filozofický ústav SAV, v.v.i.
language: en
publication name: Filozofia
issn: 0046-385X
copyright: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
items: Úvod k monotematickému bloku: Filozofické skúmania na Slovensku a v Čechách, určené rokom 1989 ako spoločne utváraným a zdieľaným osudom
items: Freedom and Commitment: Does Kant Hold a Subjectivist Theory of Freedom?
items: Různorodé modernity a rozpadající se současnost: Rozhovor Milana Kreuzziegera s Jóhannem Pállem Árnasonem
items: In Memoriam Jürgen Habermas (1929 – 2026)
items: John Ryder: On Common Interests: A Political Philosophy
items: Správa z konferencie Filozofické pokolenia: ich formovanie, vplyv a odkaz v slovenskom a českom prostredí 20. storočia
items: Introduction to the Monothematic Block: Heidegger, Daoism, and Intercultural Thinking Today
items: An Ethic of Empathy: Articulating the Normative Grounds of Dialogic Interpretation
items: 80 Years of the Institute of Philosophy of the Slovak Academy of Sciences as an Integral Part of Filozofia’s History
items: K nevhodnosti dělení analytické a kontinentální filozofie: odpověď Dragounovi
items: Ondrej Marchevský a Lukáš Švaňa (eds.): Filozofické pokolenia: ich formovanie, vplyv a odkaz v slovenskom a českom prostredí 20. storočia a súčasnosti
items: Jaroslav Cepko – Andrej Kalaš – Vladislav Suvák: Philosophorum Megaricorum Fragmenta / Zlomky Megarikov
items: Vnútorná kontinuita a premenlivé akcenty etickej reflexie Igora Kišša pred rokom 1989 a po ňom
items: Ondrej Marchevský – Vladislav Suvák – Sandra Zákutná (eds.): Život s filozofiou: zborník príspevkov k jubileu profesora Františka Mihinu
items: „Súčasnosť nesúčasného“ a prelomový rok 1989
items: The Emergence of the Concept of Existence: Schelling and Kierkegaard
items: Pojem úplne holého indivídua a parciálny esencializmus jednotlivín
items: Bergson, Heidegger, and the Temporality of Immortality
items: Poznámky k zameraniu výskumu dejín filozofie na Slovensku do (a po) roku 1989
items: Milan Zigo, rok 1989 a filozofická tvorba medzi stálym a neistým
items: 200 rokov Maďarskej akadémie vied: Kontakty maďarskej a slovenskej vedy v dejinách a súčasnosti akadémie
items: Lea David: A Victim‘s Shoe, a Broken Watch, and Marbles: Desire Objects and Human Rights
items: Marxisticko-leninská etika a etika sociálnych dôsledkov: komparatívna analýza
items: A Dialectic of Tension: Anthropology, Action, and Freedom in Luigi Pareyson
items: Between the Historical Region and the Central Europe of Novelists and Philosophers
items: Daoism, Heidegger, and AI: Reflections on Technology, Alienation, and the Case Hypnocracy
items: The Role of Observation in Practical Knowledge
items: Object, System, and Culture: The Marburg Neo-Kantian Reception of Kant
items: Heidegger, Nothingness, and Presence: Between Parmenides and Laozi
items: The Genealogy of Bakunin’s Theory of Revolt

Úvod k monotematickému bloku: Filozofické skúmania na Slovensku a v Čechách, určené rokom 1989 ako spoločne utváraným a zdieľaným osudom
type: item
subject: Miscellaneous (Scientific events, Critical notes, …)
  topic: section
subject: introduction
  topic: keywords
subject: monothematic block
  topic: keywords
subject: 1989
  topic: keywords
subject: history of philosophy
  topic: keywords
creator: Ondrej Marchevský
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ondrej Marchevský https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18

Freedom and Commitment: Does Kant Hold a Subjectivist Theory of Freedom?
type: item
description: According to a Subjectivist theory of X, reference to belief in the existence of X enters essentially into a full account of what the existence of X consists in. A Subjectivist theory doesn’t claim that X is a ‘merely subjective’ phenomenon; it’s a theory of what the existence of X consists in as a matter of objective fact. A Commitment theory of X is a theory of X that holds that we are inescapably committed to believing in the existence of X. It may also be a Subjectivist theory of X and hold that our commitment to belief in the existence of X is part of what makes it the case that X exists. This paper aims to specify the character of Subjectivist and Commitment theories, before suggesting that Kant may be said to have held a Subjectivist and indeed Commitment theory of freedom.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kant
  topic: keywords
subject: free will
  topic: keywords
subject: commitment theory of freedom
  topic: keywords
subject: moral law
  topic: keywords
subject: cognitive phenomenology
  topic: keywords
subject: self-creation
  topic: keywords
creator: Galen Strawson
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Galen Strawson https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.3.1

Různorodé modernity a rozpadající se současnost: Rozhovor Milana Kreuzziegera s Jóhannem Pállem Árnasonem
type: item
description: Interview with Jóhann Páll Árnason.
subject: Interviews
  topic: section
subject: interview
  topic: keywords
subject: Kreuzzieger
  topic: keywords
subject: Árnason
  topic: keywords
creator: Milan Kreuzzieger
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Milan Kreuzzieger https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22

In Memoriam Jürgen Habermas (1929 – 2026)
type: item
description: An obituary for Jürgen Habermas.
subject: Miscellaneous (Scientific events, Critical notes, …)
  topic: section
subject: obituary
  topic: keywords
subject: Habermas
  topic: keywords
creator: Dominik Kulcsár
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dominik Kulcsár https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22

John Ryder: On Common Interests: A Political Philosophy
type: item
description: book review
subject: Book reviews
  topic: section
subject: book review
  topic: keywords
subject: John Ryder
  topic: keywords
creator: Michal Cibák
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Michal Cibák https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.3.10

Správa z konferencie Filozofické pokolenia: ich formovanie, vplyv a odkaz v slovenskom a českom prostredí 20. storočia
type: item
subject: Miscellaneous (Scientific events, Critical notes, …)
  topic: section
subject: scientific events
  topic: keywords
subject: report from the conference
  topic: keywords
creator: Dmytro Tomakh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dmytro Tomakh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18

Introduction to the Monothematic Block: Heidegger, Daoism, and Intercultural Thinking Today
type: item
subject: Miscellaneous (Scientific events, Critical notes, …)
  topic: section
subject: introduction
  topic: keywords
subject: Heidegger
  topic: keywords
subject: Daoism
  topic: keywords
subject: intercultural philosophy
  topic: keywords
subject: comparative philosophy
  topic: keywords
creator: Kurt C.M. Mertel
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kurt C.M. Mertel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-19
publication date: 2026-02-19

An Ethic of Empathy: Articulating the Normative Grounds of Dialogic Interpretation
type: item
description: Contrary to concerns that grounding ethics in empathy fails to account for normative ideals like autonomy, respect, and universal equality, a viable path towards an empathetic ethic advancing those values is presented. In the first step, the normative entailments of dialogic interpretation are articulated and correlated with Kantian ideals to define the goalposts. Avoiding metaphysical or transcendental groundings, we then sketch the profile of a hermeneutic phenomenology revealing basic and morally impactful phenomena as normative sources. Finally, the conception of a dialogic self can be shown to entail the cognitive potential to rightly respond to such phenomena. Empathetic capabilities entail a set of normative ideals expressing the rich value-orientations of a culturally sensitive yet universalistic concept of moral agency.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: empathy
  topic: keywords
subject: Gadamer
  topic: keywords
subject: Kant
  topic: keywords
subject: Levinas
  topic: keywords
subject: the face
  topic: keywords
subject: hermeneutic phenomenology
  topic: keywords
subject: dialogic self
  topic: keywords
creator: Hans-Herbert Kögler
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hans-Herbert Kögler https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-19
publication date: 2026-02-19
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.1.1

80 Years of the Institute of Philosophy of the Slovak Academy of Sciences as an Integral Part of Filozofia’s History
type: item
subject: Miscellaneous (Scientific events, Critical notes, …)
  topic: section
subject: Editorial
  topic: keywords
creator: Jon Stewart
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jon Stewart https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-19
publication date: 2026-02-19

K nevhodnosti dělení analytické a kontinentální filozofie: odpověď Dragounovi
type: item
description: This paper responds to the criticism raised by Ivo Dragoun against my earlier article on the division of philosophy into analytic and Continental. In the original paper, I argued that this division is problematic for factual, methodological, and power-related reasons. Dragoun attempts to challenge all three lines of argument. In this reply, I systematically reconstruct and critically assess his objections. I argue that the semantic defense of the notion of “Continental philosophy” remains unsatisfactory, that the methodological justification of the division faces persistent difficulties, and that the power dimension of the classification cannot be easily neutralized. I conclude that Dragoun’s critique does not undermine the original arguments and that the thesis concerning the inadvisability of the analytic–Continental division remains defensible.
subject: Discussions – Polemics
  topic: section
subject: division of philosophy
  topic: keywords
subject: analytic philosophy
  topic: keywords
subject: Continental philosophy
  topic: keywords
subject: methodology
  topic: keywords
creator: Karel Šebela
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Karel Šebela https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.2.9

Ondrej Marchevský a Lukáš Švaňa (eds.): Filozofické pokolenia: ich formovanie, vplyv a odkaz v slovenskom a českom prostredí 20. storočia a súčasnosti
type: item
description: Book review
subject: Book reviews
  topic: section
subject: Ondrej Marchevský
  topic: keywords
subject: Lukáš Švaňa
  topic: keywords
subject: book review
  topic: keywords
creator: Andrea Miškocová
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Andrea Miškocová https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.2.10

Jaroslav Cepko – Andrej Kalaš – Vladislav Suvák: Philosophorum Megaricorum Fragmenta / Zlomky Megarikov
type: item
description: book review
subject: Book reviews
  topic: section
subject: book review
  topic: keywords
subject: Jaroslav Cepko
  topic: keywords
subject: Andrej Kalaš
  topic: keywords
subject: Vladislav Suvák
  topic: keywords
creator: Zuzana Zelinova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Zuzana Zelinova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.3.9

Vnútorná kontinuita a premenlivé akcenty etickej reflexie Igora Kišša pred rokom 1989 a po ňom
type: item
description: The study examines the ethical thought of the Lutheran theologian Igor Kišš (1932 – 2018), focusing on the relationship between continuity and transformation in his work before and after 1989. It analyses how key normative categories developed across changing contexts. The interpretative framework is shaped by Kišš’ engagement with Luther’s doctrine of the two kingdoms and by his understanding of natural law (lex naturalis) as a principle of love, justice, and humanity. Through a diachronic analysis of selected texts, the study reconstructs the emergence of Kišš’ ethical position from historical and theological reflections to a systematic social-ethical conception. Particular attention is paid to freedom and responsibility, the anthropological grounding of ethics in the idea of imago Dei, and the translation of theological norms into publicly communicable language. The article argues that 1989 did not mark a normative break in Kišš’ thought but an expansion of its argumentative horizon culminating in humanized deontology.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Igor Kišš
  topic: keywords
subject: Social ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Slovak Lutheran theology
  topic: keywords
subject: 1989 transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: humanized deontology
  topic: keywords
creator: Ján Kalajtzidis
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ján Kalajtzidis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.3.6

Ondrej Marchevský – Vladislav Suvák – Sandra Zákutná (eds.): Život s filozofiou: zborník príspevkov k jubileu profesora Františka Mihinu
type: item
description: book review
subject: Book reviews
  topic: section
subject: book review
  topic: keywords
subject: Ondrej Marchevský
  topic: keywords
subject: Vladislav Suvák
  topic: keywords
subject: Sandra Zákutná
  topic: keywords
subject: František Mihina
  topic: keywords
creator: Monika Homulková
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Monika Homulková https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.3.8

„Súčasnosť nesúčasného“ a prelomový rok 1989
type: item
description: The study examines the concept of the “contemporaneity of the noncontemporaneous” in the context of Slovak and Czechoslovak history, with a special focus on the revolutionary year 1989. Building on Reinhart Koselleck’s theory of temporal layers and Ernst Bloch’s notion of Ungleichzeitigkeit, the article argues that Czech and Slovak history cannot be understood within a single homogeneous present, but only as an interplay of multiple temporalities. Using a constructivist methodology and Hayden White’s narrative theory, it analyses how center-periphery relations, generational experiences and different regimes of memory produce conflicting interpretations of the Velvet Revolution. The study shows that these divergent narratives are not marginal deviations, but the normal outcome of structurally nonsimultaneous historical experiences. In conclusion, it reflects on how such temporal plurality shapes values, political attitudes and the ongoing contestation of the meaning of 1989 in public memory.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: philosophy of history
  topic: keywords
subject: temporal layers
  topic: keywords
subject: contemporaneity of the noncontemporaneous
  topic: keywords
subject: Velvet Revolution 1989
  topic: keywords
subject: centre and periphery
  topic: keywords
subject: generational non-simultaneity
  topic: keywords
subject: collective memory
  topic: keywords
creator: Peter Kyslan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Peter Kyslan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.3.5

The Emergence of the Concept of Existence: Schelling and Kierkegaard
type: item
description: In philosophy, the term ὑποκείμενον literally means “underlying thing,” which in Latin is “subiectus,” but in fact it means something which can predicate other things but cannot be a predicate of others, which in German philosophy corresponds to Schelling’s “Unbedingtes.” Contrary to the opinion of many interpreters, there is a very close link between German idealism and twentieth-century existentialism. Kierkegaard attended Schelling’s lectures in Berlin in 1841 – 1842, where he became familiar with Schelling’s late philosophy in detail, and from this he developed his own concept of existentialism. The paper will show how, by transcending the notions of ὑποκείμενον and the subject, an existential philosophy emerges that will become a dominant feature of European culture in the twentieth century.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: existence
  topic: keywords
subject: ὑποκείμενον
  topic: keywords
subject: German Idealism
  topic: keywords
subject: subjectivity
  topic: keywords
subject: existentialism
  topic: keywords
creator: Zoltán Gyenge
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Zoltán Gyenge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.2.1

Pojem úplne holého indivídua a parciálny esencializmus jednotlivín
type: item
description: In his works Pavel Tichý relied on the concept of the empirically bare individual, which was based on the denial of empirical omniscience. A critical discussion developed among his followers, in which various proposals were put forward: bare individuals do not exist; instead, they are a concept, a construct, or a property. In 1991, Robert Stalnaker, in his critique of anti-essentialism, came up with the concept of analytical essentialism. The identity of the individual and its cognition remained a neuralgic point. We propose the hypothesis that if we reject the assumption of analytical omniscience, a non-contradictory solution is to distinguish between completely bare individuals as bearers of identity on the one hand and space-time particulars on the other, which are rich in properties. Complete anti-essentialism applies to individuals, and partial essentialism with the application of supplementary conventions relating to their empirical identity applies to their counterparts – particulars.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: bare individual
  topic: keywords
subject: particular, empirical omniscience
  topic: keywords
subject: analytical omniscience
  topic: keywords
subject: empirical essentialism
  topic: keywords
subject: analytical essentialism
  topic: keywords
creator: František Gahér
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 František Gahér https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.2.7

Bergson, Heidegger, and the Temporality of Immortality
type: item
description: Many transhumanists hope near-future developments in various medical and engineering fields will eventually lead to the end of human mortality. There are numerous practical obstacles, moral conundrums, and conceptual issues here that must be addressed, but a more fundamental problem for visions of something approximating immortality concerns the enthusiasm for these visions itself. Even if it were possible to extend human lives indefinitely, are lives that last (potentially) forever really worth wanting? We consider some key arguments in what has come to be known as the “desirability of immortality” debate. The arguments of greatest interest are those focusing on the relationship between time and value. After briefly sketching them out, we contrast them with Henri Bergson’s account of time as duration. When one relies on Bergson, and related ideas in Martin Heidegger’s work, it becomes clear that the absence of death need not render an immortal life meaningless, as some philosophers believe.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Henri Bergson
  topic: keywords
subject: Martin Heidegger
  topic: keywords
subject: risk
  topic: keywords
subject: Samuel Scheffler
  topic: keywords
subject: transhumanism
  topic: keywords
subject: urgency
  topic: keywords
subject: value
  topic: keywords
creator: S. E. Oskam
creator: Adam Buben
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 S. E. Oskam, Adam Buben https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.2.4

Poznámky k zameraniu výskumu dejín filozofie na Slovensku do (a po) roku 1989
type: item
description: The leitmotif of the paper is the issue of the direction of the research on history of philosophy in Slovakia up to and after 1989. The paper critiques both methodological dogmatism as well as interpretative schematism, which presents the history of philosophy in Slovakia only through the prism of “the battle between materialism and idealism,” or later “the battle” of Marxist philosophy and so-called philosophical revisionism, where materialism and mainstream Marxism are always presented as the more progressive and scientific. In relation to this, the paper also analyzes the methodological issue of so-called “receptiveness” of philosophy in Slovakia from the 17th century until the end of the 20th. The conclusion of the article outlines the importance of democratic changes in Slovakia after 1989 while emphasizing the area of research on the history of Slovak philosophy, its contemporary evaluation and interpretation (philosophical pluralism, interpretative pluralism, etc.).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: history of philosophy
  topic: keywords
subject: Slovak nation
  topic: keywords
subject: indoctrination
  topic: keywords
subject: plurality of interpretations
  topic: keywords
creator: Rudolf Dupkala
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rudolf Dupkala https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.3.3

Milan Zigo, rok 1989 a filozofická tvorba medzi stálym a neistým
type: item
description: This article aims to highlight the distinctive place of Milan Zigo’s work within the Slovak philosophical landscape. More precisely his legacy presented in the journal Filozofia before and after events of the year 1989. These journal contributions are the textual basis for the reflection of the motif of the constant and, at the same time, what could be perceived as uncertain in his legacy. The constant and the uncertain are grasped on several levels of meaning. As dangerous in the sense of the need to face ideological circumstances, but also in the sense of the awareness that there are members of the philosophical community who try to avoid this vulgarization. Stability is understood as that which M. Zigo, as a philosopher, did not give up on. The work details the oscillation between these positions in Zigo’s critical reflection on the philosophical legacy of I. Hrušovský.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Milan Zigo
  topic: keywords
subject: 1989
  topic: keywords
subject: Filozofia
  topic: keywords
subject: constant
  topic: keywords
subject: uncertain
  topic: keywords
subject: Igor Hrušovský
  topic: keywords
creator: Ondrej Marchevský
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ondrej Marchevský https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.3.7

200 rokov Maďarskej akadémie vied: Kontakty maďarskej a slovenskej vedy v dejinách a súčasnosti akadémie
type: item
subject: Miscellaneous (Scientific events, Critical notes, …)
  topic: section
subject: conference
  topic: keywords
subject: Hungarian Academy of Sciences
  topic: keywords
creator: Laura Kladeková
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Laura Kladeková https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12

Lea David: A Victim‘s Shoe, a Broken Watch, and Marbles: Desire Objects and Human Rights
type: item
description: A book review of Lea David's A Victim‘s Shoe, a Broken Watch, and Marbles: Desire Objects and Human Rights. New York: Columbia University Press 2025, 328pp.
subject: Book reviews
  topic: section
subject: book review
  topic: keywords
subject: Lea David
  topic: keywords
creator: Tatiana Sedová
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tatiana Sedová https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2025.80.6.10

Marxisticko-leninská etika a etika sociálnych dôsledkov: komparatívna analýza
type: item
description: The aim of this paper is to examine the extent to which the ethics of social consequences – as developed by Vasil Gluchman – can be considered as a continuation of certain secular tendencies present in Marxist-Leninist ethics and philosophy before 1989. The article focuses on comparing the philosophical and ethical elements of both concepts, particularly in the areas of normative foundations, the social dimension of morality, and approaches to humanism. The ethics of social consequences emerged after 1989 in a secular and postideological space and is characterized by consistent normativity and an emphasis on the social consequences of human action. In this paper, I claim that despite significant differences in aims and ideological grounding, certain thematic and methodological parallels can be identified between these two concepts, revealing structurally comparable features within secular ethical thinking in Slovakia.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: secular humanism
  topic: keywords
subject: Marxist-Leninist ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: ethics of social consequences
  topic: keywords
creator: Lukáš Švaňa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Lukáš Švaňa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.3.4

A Dialectic of Tension: Anthropology, Action, and Freedom in Luigi Pareyson
type: item
description: This paper explores Pareyson’s constant drive toward an ontological dimension, despite the presence of a “dialectic of tension” that shifts heterogeneously throughout his entire work. To support this thesis, we first demonstrate how his philosophy, while rooted in Gentile’s actualism, functions as a critique of Hegelianism, aligning itself with the tradition of Italian personalism and the legacy of European existentialism. Within Pareyson’s ontological personalism, the person’s intimate existential bond with truth is not restricted to a theoretical framework based on a “dialectic of necessity”; rather, it is characterized by a participatory relationship with being. By showing that the foundation of his philosophy of action lies in the specific phenomenological structure of “initiative,” we argue that this dialectic of tension culminates in an ontology of freedom: a concept that, until the very end, preserves its ethical and anthropological essence alongside its purely speculative value.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pareyson
  topic: keywords
subject: dialectic
  topic: keywords
subject: Italian personalism
  topic: keywords
subject: philosophical anthropology
  topic: keywords
subject: action
  topic: keywords
subject: freedom
  topic: keywords
creator: Emanuele Curcio
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Emanuele Curcio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.2.3

Between the Historical Region and the Central Europe of Novelists and Philosophers
type: item
description: Following Jóhann Páll Árnason’s occasional distinction between the imaginative Central Europe of novelists and philosophers and the historical region of East-Central Europe, this article uses the example of this region to discuss the relationship between public debates (including essays and novels) about the past and professional historical discourse. It explains the irreducibility of the diverse polycentric perspectives of Central Europe and the risks of its originally Westerncentric construction in the 19th century, as manifested in the present day.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Árnason
  topic: keywords
subject: Milan Kundera
  topic: keywords
subject: Karel Kosík
  topic: keywords
subject: Eastern Central Europe
  topic: keywords
subject: historical region
  topic: keywords
subject: historical polycentric perspectives
  topic: keywords
subject: translatability of historical works
  topic: keywords
creator: Martin Profant
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Martin Profant https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.2.6

Daoism, Heidegger, and AI: Reflections on Technology, Alienation, and the Case Hypnocracy
type: item
description: This article offers some comparative reflections on technology and the alienating potential of AI. These reflections are inspired by theoretical affinities between Daoism and Heidegger’s philosophy. In particular, I focus on the work Hypnocracy that recently sparked an international debate about the notion of authorship and the problematic relationship between AI-generated textual content and creative writing. The main thesis is that Daoism and Heidegger’s philosophy encourage a critical use of technology that rejects a reason dominated by sheer instrumental usefulness without rejecting technology as a whole. Ultimately, both philosophies favor the passage from the uncritical exploitation of technological affordances as mere means-to-ends to a deeper awareness characterized by an end-to-means, i.e., the equanimous releasement of purposive action expressing an ethics of relationality.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Daoism
  topic: keywords
subject: Heidegger
  topic: keywords
subject: Alienation
  topic: keywords
subject: AI
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypnocracy
  topic: keywords
creator: Rudi Capra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rudi Capra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-19
publication date: 2026-02-19
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.1.7

The Role of Observation in Practical Knowledge
type: item
description: G. E. M. Anscombe famously argues that our self-knowledge of intentional action (“practical knowledge”) is both non-observational and yet concerns happenings in objective reality. This combination seems to present a strong tension. Recently, Adrian Haddock offered a novel account of the role of observation in practical knowledge, claiming that such knowledge is a unity of self-knowledge (non-observational) and other-knowledge (observational), both of which are indispensable. Yet Haddock’s view faces several problems. This paper suggests that Sartre’s phenomenology resonates deeply with Haddock’s account and provides a rich resource for addressing his problems. Through Sartre’s discussions of self-consciousness, intentionality, and perception-action unity, we gain a deeper understanding of how observation functions within practical knowledge. This account shows that observation is not merely an aid (as Anscombe suggests) but a constitutive part of practical knowledge.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: practical knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: observation
  topic: keywords
subject: self-consciousness
  topic: keywords
subject: G.E.M. Anscombe
  topic: keywords
subject: Jean-Paul Sartre
  topic: keywords
subject: Adrian Haddock
  topic: keywords
creator: Zhihan Li
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Zhihan Li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.3.2

Object, System, and Culture: The Marburg Neo-Kantian Reception of Kant
type: item
description: This paper argues that the Neo-Kantian reception of Kant’s concept of the object – particularly within the Marburg School – culminates in Ernst Cassirer’s Philosophy of Symbolic Forms as the legitimate completion of the critical project. It traces this development by showing how Hermann Cohen’s focus on the infinitesimal (dx) as an isolated unit of thought, together with Paul Natorp’s shift towards relational synthesis (dx/dy) within a systematic framework, paved the way for Cassirer’s decisive expansion. For Cassirer, the object is constituted within dynamic systems of meaning that extend beyond the exact sciences to encompass the full spectrum of cultural forms, including myth, language, and art. Thus, the article demonstrates how Cassirer transforms Kant’s critique of reason into a critique of culture. This reconciles the interpretations of Marburg Neo-Kantianism put forth by Cohen and Natorp within this broader framework.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: transcendental philosophy
  topic: keywords
subject: object
  topic: keywords
subject: system
  topic: keywords
subject: science
  topic: keywords
subject: critique of culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Kant
  topic: keywords
subject: Marburg Neo-Kantianism
  topic: keywords
creator: Gustavo Esparza
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Gustavo Esparza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.2.2

Heidegger, Nothingness, and Presence: Between Parmenides and Laozi
type: item
description: This contribution reconsiders standard accounts of Heidegger’s concept of being as presence by tracing other moments revealed in his thinking of nothingness, emptiness, and the clearing in the context of his European and East Asian sources. Heidegger’s interpretations of Parmenides, early Greek philosophy, and of being as presencing (Anwesenheit) appear to assert the primordiality of “the one” and a hypostatized, monistic “metaphysics of presence.” This paper sketches a pivotal alternative thread within Heidegger’s thinking, most evident in his interactions with East Asian discourses, by outlining how a distinctive interpretation of nothingness, emptiness, absence, darkness, hiddenness, and mystery emerged in his readings of Laozi and Zhuangzi and in his dialogue with a Japanese interlocutor. Heidegger’s East Asian sources informed a key thread and model of his thinking that refused to reduce constitutive absence, emptiness, and nothingness to givenness, positivity, and presence or the logic of affirmation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: nothingness
  topic: keywords
subject: presence
  topic: keywords
subject: emptiness
  topic: keywords
subject: clearing
  topic: keywords
subject: being
  topic: keywords
subject: Laozi
  topic: keywords
subject: Parmenides
  topic: keywords
creator: Eric S. Nelson
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eric S. Nelson https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-19
publication date: 2026-02-19
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.1.5

The Genealogy of Bakunin’s Theory of Revolt
type: item
description: This review study critically engages with Felipe Corrêa’s Freedom or Death: The Theory and Practice of Mikhail Bakunin. Although Corrêa works with the entirety of Bakunin’s corpus, he fails to adequately examine the double-negative aspect of revolt in Bakunin’s philosophical anthropology. My aim with this paper is to remedy this, vis-à-vis an exegesis of Bakunin’s appropriation of Hegel’s concept of negation, and its naturalized reemergence in a theory of revolt.
subject: Review studies
  topic: section
subject: Bakunin
  topic: keywords
subject: revolt
  topic: keywords
subject: dialectic
  topic: keywords
subject: Hegel
  topic: keywords
subject: negation
  topic: keywords
creator: Dominik Kulcsár
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dominik Kulcsár https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-19
publication date: 2026-02-19
doi: 10.31577/filozofia.2026.81.1.8