Genetic variability and heritability of some morphological and physiological traits in Fagus orientalis Lipsky along an elevation gradient in Hyrcanian forests
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2019-0007Keywords:
correlation, elevation change, heritability, Oriental beech, leaf trait, plasticityAbstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the genetic variability and heritability of some morphological and physiological traits in Fagus orientalis Lipsky along an elevation gradient in northern forests of Iran. Beech leaves were sampled from southern and northern crown parts of healthy mature trees along an elevation gradient comprising sites situated at 700 m, 1,200 m and 1,700 m above the sea level. Our statistical analysis showed that the investigated traits differed significantly between the populations. The results indicated the lowest and the highest coefficients of variation for the high (1,700 m) and middle elevation populations (1,200 m) for leaf length, petiole length, leaf area, specific leaf area, dry weight, specific dry weight, leaf index and petiole index traits. With increasing elevation, mean leaf width, distance from leaf base to the leaf maximum width, dry weight and petiole index increased. The plasticity of leaf length, specific leaf area, specific dry weight, petiole index and petiole length peaked at middle elevation, and with increasing elevation, the plasticity of these traits declined. The distance from leaf base to the leaf maximum width had the highest coefficient of genetic (75.5%) and phenotypic (75.5%) variation. The heritability results showed that there were differences in all traits, and that the highest heritability was recorded for the distance from the leaf base to the leaf maximum width (99.95 %). The results suggest that the studied beech populations responded to the environmental changes by changing their leaf traits in different ways at different altitudes.
References
Ahmadi, M.T., Attarod, P., Marvi Mohadjer, M.R., Rahmani, R., Fathi, J., 2009. Partitioning rainfall into throughfall, stemfow, and interception loss in an oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forest during the growing season. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 33 (6): 557–568. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-0902-3
Akbarian, M.R., Tabari, M., Akbarinia, M., Zarafshar, M., Meave, J A., Yousefzadeh, H., Sattarian, A., 2011. Effects of elevational gradient on leaf and stomatal morphology of Caucasian alder (Alnus sabcurdata) in the Hyrcanian forest, Iran. Folia Oecologica, 38: 1–7.
Allahnouri, M., Ghasemi Aghbash, F., Pazhouhan, I., 2018. Traffic effects on leaf macro- and micro-morphological traits. Folia Oecologica, 45: 92–101. https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2018-0010
Baye, T., 2002. Genotypic and phenotypic variability in Vernonia galamensis germplasm collected from eastern Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Science, 139: 161–168. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859602002459
Bayramzadeh, V., Attarod, P., Ahmadi, MT., Ghadiri, M., Akbari, R., Safarkar, T., Shirvany, A., 2012.Variation of leaf morphological traits in natural populations of Fagus orientalis Lipsky in the Caspian forests of Northern Iran. Annals of Forest Research, 55 (1): 33–42.
Bayramzadeh, V., Funada, R., Kubo, T., 2008. Relationships between vessel element anatomy and physiological as well as morphological traits of leaves in Fagus crenata seedlings originating from different provenances. Trees, 22 (2): 217–224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-007-0178-3
Brendel, O., Le Thiec, D., Scotti-Saintagne, C., Bodénès, C., Kremer, A., Guehl, J.M., 2008. Quantitative trait loci controlling water use efficiency and related traits in Quercus robur L. Tree Genetics and Genome, 4: 263–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-007-0107-z
Bresson, CC., Vitasse, Y., Kremer, A., Delzon, S., 2011. To what extent is altitudinal variation of functional traits driven by genetic adaptation in European oak and beech. Tree Physiology, 31: 1164−1174.21908436 https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpr084
Bruschi, P., 2003. Within- and among-tree variation in leaf morphology of Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. natural populations. Trees, 17: 164−172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-002-0218-y
Chapolagh Paridari, I., Gholamali Jalali, S., Sonboli, A., Zarafshar, M., Bruschi, P., 2013. Leaf macro- and micro-morphological altitudinal variability of Carpinus betulus in the Hyrcanian forest (Iran). Journal of Forest Research, 24 (2): 301–307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-013-0353-x
Ghorbanli, M., Savadkohi, F., Sattarian, A., 2013. Investigating the effect of site altitude on the morphology of Carpinus betulus leaves in Shastkalate forest of Gorgan. Plant and Ecosystem, 9 (37): 3–15.
Guo, Ch., Ma, L., Yuan, Sh., Wang, R., 2017. Morphological, physiological and anatomical traits of plant functional types in temperate grasslands along a large-scale aridity gradient in northeastern China. Scientific Reports, 7: article no. 40900, 10 p.524772528106080 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40900
Gratani, L., Catoni, R., Pirone, G., Frattaroli, A.R., Varone, L., 2014. Physiological and morphological leaf trait variations in two Apennine plant species in response to different altitudes. Photosynthetica, 50 (1): 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-012-0006-x
Halluer, A. R., Miranda, J.B., 1988. Quantitative genetic in maize breeding. Ames: Iowa State University Press. 468 p.
Hatziskakisi, S., Tsiripidis I., Papageogioui, A.C., 2011. Leaf morphological variation in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) populations in Greece and its relation to their post-glacial origin. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 165: 422–436. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01124.x
Körner, C., 2007. The use of ‘altitude’ in ecological research. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 22: 69–574.17988759 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.006
Last, L., lüscher, G., Widmer, F., Boller, B., Kolliker, R., 2014. Indicators for genetic and phenotypic diversity of Dactylis glomerata in Swiss permanent grassland. Ecological Indicators, 38: 181–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.11.004
Pauli, H., Gottfried, M., Reier, K., Klettner C., Grab-herr, G., 2007. Signals of range expansions and contractions of vascular plants in the high Alps: observations (1994–2004) at the GLORIA master site Schrankogel, Tyrol, Austria. Global Change Biology, 13: 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01282.x
Poulos, H.M., Berlyn, G.P., Mills, S.A., 2012. Differential stress tolerance of four pines (Pinaceae) across the elevation gradient of the San Bernardino Mountains, Southern California, USA. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 139 (1): 96–108. https://doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-11-00038.1
Rakonjac, V., Mratinić, E., Jovković, R., Fotirić Akšić, M., 2014. Analysis of morphological variability in wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) genetic resources from Central Serbia. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 16: 151–162.
Royer, D.L., Mcelwain, J.C., Adams, J.A., Wilf, P., 2008. Sensitivity of leaf size and shape to climate within Acer rubrum and Quercus kelloggii. New Phytologist, 179: 808–817.18507771 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02496.x
Salehi Shanjani, P., Asareh, MH., Calagari, M., 2012. Genetic differentiation among the forked and monopodial beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) groups. Iranian Journal of Biology, 24 (5): 752–765.
Salvador, V., 2004. Drought tolerant and transplanting performance of holm oak (Quercus ilex) seedling after drought hardening in the nursery. Tree Physiology, 24: 1147–1155.15294761 https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/24.10.1147
Sattarian, A., Akbarian, M.R., Zarafshar, M., Bruschi, P., Fayyaz. P., 2011. Phenotypic variation and leaf fluctuating asymmetry in natural populations of Parrotia persica (Hamamelidaceae), an endemic species from the Hyrcanian forest (Iran). Acta Botanica Mexicana, 97: 65–81. https://doi.org/10.21829/abm97.2011.251
Scotti, I., Calvo-Vialettes, L., Scotti-Saintagne, C., Citterio, M., Degen, B., Bonal, D., 2010. Genetic variation for growth, morphological, and physiological traits in a wild population of the Neotropical shade-tolerant rainforest tree Sextonia rubra (Mez) van der Werff (Lauraceae). Tree Genetics and Genomes, 6: 319–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-009-0251-8
Stojnić, S., Orlović, S., Miljković, D., Wuehlisch, G., 2016. Intra and inter provenance variations in leaf morphometric traits in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Archives of Biological Sciences, 68 (4): 781–788.
Thomas, S.C., 2011.Genetic vs. phenotypic responses of trees to altitude. Tree Physiology, 31: 1161–1163.22084019 https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpr105
Yousefzadeh, H., Tabari, M., Akbarinia, M., Akbarian, MR., Bussoti, F., 2010. Morphological plasticity of Parrotia persica leaves in eastern of Hyrcanian forest is related to altitude. Nordic Journal of Botany, 28: 344–349. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00451.x
Zambrano, V.A.B., Lawson, T., Olmos, E., Fernàndez-García, N., Borland, AM., 2014. Leaf anatomical traits, which accommodate the facultative engagement of crassulacean acid metabolism in tropical trees of the genus Clusia. Journal of Experimental Botany, 65: 3513–3523.24510939 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru022
Zolfaghari, R., Karimi Haji Pomagh, Kh., Fayyaz, P., 2013. Evaluation of genetic variability of some morpho-physiological traits in brant’s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.). Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forest Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 21 (1): 103–118.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This journal provides immediate open access to its content under the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. Authors who publish with this journal retain all copyrights except for commercial rights (transfer of commercial rights) and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.
