Golden jackal, a natural disperser or an invasive alien species in Slovakia? A summary within European context
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2020-0011Keywords:
adaptation, alien species, dispersion, distribution, effects, invasionAbstract
This summary provides an overview of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) categorization in Europe with particular focus on its presence in Slovakia. The distribution range of this species in Europe has been expanding in recent decades. Currently, European population is in constant and fast increase, widening their ranges towards Central and Eastern Europe and more recently in some western countries. All over Europe, the categorization of the golden jackal status is discussed with some controversial. A recent genetic study helped to determine that golden jackals do not meet the established three criteria, which categorize a species as an invasive alien species. In Slovakia, golden jackals’ numbers grown considerably in the last decade and with an increasing of their distribution through the country it became a permanent species of the Slovak fauna. The only internal status is the hunting Act no. 274/2009, which classifies it as, game species. The fast adaptation and dispersion through Slovakia can be considered similar to the behaviour of an invasive species, as suggested in previous studies in Hungary. Based on widely accepted definitions, agreed under international legal instruments, it is quite clear that the term ‘Invasive Alien Species’ only encompasses non-native species specifically introduced by humans (intentionally or accidentally). Following this Invasive Alien Species terminology, golden jackals cannot be categorized as such in Slovakia. The natural expansion, the growing ranges, and the increase in numbers of the golden jackal in Slovakia in the last decades points to a need to improve the knowledge of the species.
References
Anonymous, 1979. Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats. 19. 9. 1979. [online]. Council of Europe. European Treaty Series, 104: 1–10. [cit. 02-09-2020]. https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=0900001680078aff
Anonymous, 1992a. Council Directive 92/43 / EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. [online]. Official Journal of the European Communities, L 206: 7. [cit. 02-09-2020]. http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/1992/43/oj (including current consolidated version).
Anonymous, 1992b. Convention on Biological Diversity. [online]. United Nations. 28 p. [cit. 02-09-2020]. https://www.cbd.int/doc/legal/cbd-en.pdf
Anonymous, 2009a. Zákon č. 274/2009 Z. z. o poľovníctve a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov [Act no. 274/2009 Coll. on hunting and on amendments to certain laws as amended]. Zbierka zákonov SR, 274 (96): 1 854–1 890.
Anonymous, 2009b. The CBD and Invasive Alien Species. [online]. [cit. 05-07-2020]. https://www.cbd.int/idb/2009/about/cbd/
Anonymous, 2014. Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species. [online]. Official Journal of the European Union, L 317: 35–55. [cit. 05-07-2020]. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1417443504720&uri=CELEX:32014R1143
Anonymous, 2016. Golden jackal should not be treated as an alien species in Europe. [online]. Science for Environment Policy, 443: 1–2. [cit. 05-07-2020]. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/golden_jackal_should_not_be_treated_as_an_alien_species_in_europe_443na1_en.pdf
Anonymous, 2017. Invasive Alien Species of Union concern. [online]. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. [cit. 05-07-2020]. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/pdf/IAS_brochure_species.pdf
Anonymous, 2019a. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1262 of 25 July 2019 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1141 to update the list of invasive alien species of Union concern. [online]. Official Journal of the European Union, L 199: 1–4. [cit. 05-07-2020]. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2019/1262/oj
Anonymous, 2019b. Nariadenie vlády Slovenskej republiky 449, ktorým sa vydáva zoznam inváznych nepôvodných druhov vzbudzujúcich obavy Slovenskej republiky [Regulation of the Government of the Slovak Republic no. 449/2019 Coll. issuing the list of invasive non-originals species of concern to the Slovak Republic]. Zbierka zákonov Slovenskej republiky, 449: 1–4. [cit. 05-07-020]. http://www.sopsr.sk/news/file/legislativa/449_2019_nariadenie_zoznam_invaznych_druhov.pdf
Anonymous, 2020. Poľovnícka štatistická ročenka Slovenskej republiky 2019 [Hunting statistical yearbook of the Slovak Republic 2019]. Zvolen: Národné lesnícke centrum. 244 p.
Arnold, J., Hummer A., Heltai, M., Murariu, D., Spassov, N., Hackländer K., 2012. Current status and distribution of golden jackals Canis aureus in Europe. Mammal Review, 42 (1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2907.2011.00185.x
Atanasov N., 1953. Study on the jackal (Canis aureus L.) in Bulgaria. Messages of Institute of Zoology and Museum BAN, 2: 189–273.
Ausems, E.J., 1980. Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats. Environmental Conservation, 7 (2): 143–144. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892900007189
Banea, O.C., Krofel, M., Červinka, J., Gargarea, P., Szabó, L., 2012. New records, first estimates of densities and questions of applied ecology for jackals in Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve and hunting terrains from Romania. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 64: 353–366.
Banea, O., 2013. Jackals in West Estonia. 21 March 2013. [online]. In GOJAGE blog [Internet]. [about 18 screens]. [cit. 05-07-2020]. http://goldenjackalaround.blogspot.com/2013/03/golden-jackal-survey-in-w-estonia.html.
Bethlenfalvy, E., 1952. A természet kincsestárából [Treasures of nature]. 93 p. Msc.
Bogdanowicz, W., Heltai, M., Szabó, L., Lanszki, J., Giannatos, G., Banea, O.C., Kowalczyk, R., Krone, O., Volokh, A.M., Hulva, P., Gherman, C.M., Mihalica, A. D., Ionica, A.M., D′Amico, G., Modrý, D., Juránková, J., Forejtek, P., Prokopchuk, V., Ćirović, D., Krofel, M., Bujalska, B., Patrzyk, M., Rutkowski, R., 2018. Complex genetic structure of the expanding golden jackal populations in Europe. In Giannatos, G., Banea, O.C., Hatlauf, J., Sillero-Zubiri, C., Georgiadis, C., Legakis, A. (eds). Proceedings of the 2nd international jackal symposium, Marathon Bay, Attiki, Greece 2018. Hellenic Zoological Archives, 9: 82–83.
Brown, L., Macdonald, D.W., 1995. Predation on green turtle Chelonia mydas nests by wild canids at Akyatan beach, Turkey. Biological Conservation, 71: 55–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(94)00020-Q
Ćirović, D., Penezić, A., Krofel, M., 2016. Jackals as cleaners: Ecosystem services provided by a mesocarnivore in human-dominated landscapes. Biological Conservation, 199: 51–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.04.027
Ćirović, D., Penezić, A., Milenković, M., Paunović, M., 2014. Winter diet composition of the golden jackal (Canis aureus L., 1758) in Serbia. Mammalian Biology, 79 (2): 132–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2013.11.003
Danko, Š., 2012. Šakal zlatý – Canis aureus [Golden jackal – Canis aureus]. In Krištofík, J., Danko, Š., (eds). Cicavce Slovenska. Rozšírenie, bionómia a ochrana. Bratislava: Veda, p. 423–425.
Demeter, A., 1984. Recent records of rare or non-resident large carnivores in Hungary. Vertebrata Hungarica, 22: 69–71.
Demeter, A., Spassov, N., 1993. Canis aureus L. 1758– Schakal, Goldschakal [Canis aureus L. 1758–Jackal, Golden jackal] In Stubbe, M., Krapp, F. (eds). Handbuch Der Säugetiere Europas. Wiesbaden, Germany: Aula-Verlag, p. 107–138.
Fabbri, E., Caniglia, R., Galov, A., Arbanasić, H., Lapini. L., Bošković, I., Florijančić, T., Vlasseva, A., Ahmed. A., Mirchev. R., Randi, E., 2014. Genetic structure and expansion of golden jackals (Canis aureus) in the northwestern distribution range (Croatia and eastern Italian Alps). Conservation Genetics, 15: 187–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-013-0530-7
Ferianc, O., 1955. Príspevok k stavovcom Žitného ostrova I [Contribution to vertebrates in Žitný ostrov Island I]. Biologia, Bratislava, 10: 308–324.
Feriancová-Masárová, Z., Hanák, V., 1965. Stavovce Slovenska 4. Cicavce [Vertebrates of Slovakia 4. Mammals]. Bratislava: Vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied. 322 p.
Giannatos, G., 2004. Conservation action plan for the golden jackal Canis aureus L. in Greece. Athens: WWF Greece. 47 p.
Giannatos, G., Marinos, Y., Maragou, P., Catsadorakis, G., 2005. The status of the golden jackal (Canis aureus L.) in Greece. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 135 (2): 145–149.
Guimarães, N., Bučko, J., Urban, P., 2018. The evolution of the presence of the golden jackal in Slovakia. In Giannatos, G., Banea, O.C., Hatlauf, J., Sillero-Zubiri, C., Georgiadis C., Legakis, A. (eds). Proceedings of the 2nd international jackal symposium, Marathon Bay, Attiki, Greece 2018. Hellenic Zoological Archives, 9: 144–145.
Guimarães, N., Bučko, J., Urban. P., 2019. The rise of a carnivore, the evolution of the presence of the golden jackal in Slovakia. Folia Zoologica, 68 (2): 66–71. https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.046.2019
Hatlauf, J., Hackländer, K., 2016. Current status of a spreading meso-carnivore in Austria, the golden jackal (Canis aureus). Mammalian Biology – Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 81: 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2016.07.022
Hayward, M.W., Porter, L., Lanszki, J., Kamler, J.F., Beck, J.M., Kerleyc, G.I.H., Macdonald, D.W., Montgomery, R.A., Parker, D.M., Scottj, D.M., O’Brienk, J., Yarnel, R.W., 2017. Factors affecting the prey preferences of jackals (Canidae). Mammalian Biology – Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 85: 70–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2017.02.005
Hell, P., Bleho, Š., 1995. Novodobý výskyt šakala obyčajného (Canis aureus) na Slovensku [Contemporary occurrence of jackal (Canis aureus) in Slovakia]. Folia Venatoria, 25: 183–187.
Hell, P., Rajský, D., 2000. Immigrationen des Goldschakals in die Slowakei im Jahrhundert [Immigration of the golden jackal to Slovakia in the 20th century]. Beiträge zur Jagd- und Wildforschung, 25: 143–147.
Heltai, M., Szemethy, L., Lanszky, J., Csányi, S., 2000. Returning and new mammal predators in Hungary: the status and distribution of golden jackal (Canis aureus), raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and raccoon (Procyon lotor) in 1997–2000. Beiträge zur Jagd- und Wildforschung, 26: 95–102.
Heltai, M., Pallos Z., Szabó L., Mihály, M., Lanszky, J., 2018. Golden jackal population dynamics in certain study areas of Hungary – examples for hectic population change and invasion. In Giannatos, G., Banea, O.C., Hatlauf, J., Sillero-Zubiri, C., Georgiadis C., Legakis, A. (eds). Proceedings of the 2nd international jackal symposium, Marathon Bay, Attiki, Greece 2018. Hellenic Zoological Archives, 9: 144–145
Hoffmann, M., Arnold, J., Duckworth, J.W., Jhala, Y., Kamler, J.F., Krofel, M., 2018. Canis aureus (errata version published in 2020). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T118264161A46194820. [cit. 05-07-2020]. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T118264161A163507876.en. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T118264161A163507876.en
Ivanov, G., Karamanlidis, A., Stojanov, A., Melovski, D., Avukatov, V., 2016. The re-establishment of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) in FYR Macedonia: implications for conservation. Mammalian Biology – Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 81: 326–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2016.02.005
Janovičová, D., 2016. Prínos Ernesta Bethlenfalvyho k výskumu vysokohorskej biológie v Tatrách [The contribution of Ernest Bethlenfalvy to the research of alpine biology in the Tatras]. Oecologia Montana, 25: 1–35.
Jhala, Y. V., Moehlman, P.D., 2008. Canis aureus. IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. 010.2. [cit. 2017-09-05]. http://www.iucnredlist.org
Jirků, M., Dostál, D., Robovský, J., Šálek, M., 2018. Reproduction of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) outside current resident breeding populations in Europe: evidence from the Czech Republic. Mammalia, 82: 592–595. https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2017-0141
Kidawa, D., Kowalczyk, R., 2011. The effects of sex, age, season and habitat on diet of the red fox Vulpes vulpes in northeastern Poland. Acta Theriologica, 56: 209–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-011-0031-3
Koepfli, K.-P., Pollinger, J., Godinho, R., Robinson, J., Lea, A., Hendricks, S., Schweizer, R.M., Thalmann, O., Silva, P., Fan, Z., Yurchenko, A.A., Dobrynin, P., Makunin, A., Cahill, J.A., Shapiro, B., Álvares, F., Brito, J.C., Geffen, E., Leonard, J.A., Helgen, K.M., Johnson, W.E., O’Brien, S.J., Van Valkenburgh, B., Wayne, R.K., 2015. Genome-wide evidence reveals that African and Eurasian golden jackals are distinct species. Current Biology, 25: 2158–2165.26234211 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.060
Koubek, P., Červený, J., 2007. The golden jackal (Canis aureus) – a new mammal species in the Czech Republic. Lynx, n. s. (Praha), 38: 103–106.
Kowalczyk, R., Kołodziej-Sobocińska, M., Ruczyńska, I., Wójcik, J.M., 2015. Range expansion of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) into Poland: first records. Mammal Research, 60: 411–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-015-0238-9
Kowalczyk, R., Wudarczyk., Wójcik, J.M., Okarma, H., 2020. Northernmost record of reproduction of the expanding golden jackal population. Mammalian Biology – Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 100 (1): 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-020-00009-x
Krofel, M. 2009. Confirmed presence of territorial groups of golden jackals (Canis aureus) in Slovenia. Natura Sloveniae, 11: 65–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-015-0238-9
Krofel, M., Potočnik, H., 2008. First record of a golden jackal (Canis aureus) in the Savinja Valley (Northern Slovenia). Natura Sloveniae, 10 (1): 57–62. https://doi.org/10.14720/ns.10.1.57-62
Krofel, M., Giannatos, G., Ćirovič, D., Stoyanov, S., Newsome, T.M., 2017. Golden jackal expansion in Europe: a case of mesopredator release triggered by continent-wide wolf persecution? Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy, 28 (1) 9–15. https://doi.org/10.4404/hystrix-28.1-11819
Kryštufek, B., Tvrtkovic, N., 1990. Range expansion by Dalmatian jackal population in the 20th century (Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758). Folia Zoologica, 39: 291–296.
Kryštufek, B., Murariu, D., Kurtonur, C., 1997. Present distribution of the golden jackal Canis aureus in the Balkans and adjacent regions. Mammal Review, 27 (2): 109–114. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2907.1997.tb00375.x
Lanszki, J., Heltai, M., 2002. Feeding habits of golden jackal and red fox in south-western Hungary during winter and spring. Mammalian Biology, 67: 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1078/1616-5047-00020
Lanszki, J., Heltai, M., Szabó, L., 2006. Feeding habits and trophic niche overlap between sympatric golden jackal (Canis aureus) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the Pannonian ecoregion (Hungary). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 84: 1647–1656. https://doi.org/10.1139/z06-147
Lanszki, J., Kurys, A., Heltai, M., Csányi, S., Ács, K., 2015. Diet composition of the golden jackal in an area of intensive big game management. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 52 (4): 243–255. https://doi.org/10.5735/086.052.0403
Lanszki, J., Kurys, A., Szabó, L., Nagyapáti, N., Porter, L.B., Heltai, M., 2016. Diet composition of the golden jackal and the sympatric red fox in an agricultural area (Hungary). Folia Zoologica, 65 (4): 310–322. https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v65.i4.a3.2016
Lanszki, J., Schally, G., Heltai, M., Ranc, N., 2018. Golden jackal expansion in Europe: First telemetry evidence of a natal dispersal. Mammalian Biology, 88: 81–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2017.11.011
Linnell, J.D.C., Kaczensky, P., Wotschikowsky, U., Lescureux, N., Boitani, L., 2015. Framing the relationship between people and nature in the context of European conservation. Conservation Biology, 29 (4). https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12534
Lodge, D.M., 1993. Biological invasions: lessons for ecology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 8: 133–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(93)90025-K
Macdonald, D.W., 1979. The flexible social system of the golden jackal, Canis aureus. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 5 (1): 17–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00302692
Malez, V., 1984. The zooarcheological data as the basis of colonizing the Markova cave on the island Hvar. In 9th Yugoslavian speleological congress. Congress proceedings, p. 617–621.
Maran, T., 2015. Emergence of the “howling foxes”: a semi-otic analysis of initial interpretations of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Estonia. Biosemiotics, 8 (3): 463–482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12304-015-9244-1
Markov, G., 2012. Golden jackal (Canis aureus L.) in Bulgaria: what is going on? Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 64, Suppl. 4: 67–71.
Markov, G., Lanszki, J., 2012. Diet composition of the golden jackal, Canis aureus in an agricultural environment. Folia Zoologica, 61 (1): 44–48. https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v61.i1.a7.2012
Mošanský, A., 1983. Teriofauna východného Slovenska a katalóg mamaliologických zbierok Východoslovenského múzea. III. Časť (Carnivora 2) [Mammal fauna of Eastern Slovakia and catalogue of the East Slovakian Museum. III. Part (Carnivora 2)]. Zborník Východoslovenského Múzea v Košiciach – Prírodné Vedy, 24: 105–125.
Mošanský, A., 1995. Vlk šakal (Canis aureus) na Slovensku [Golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Slovakia]. In Urban, P., Baláž, D. (eds). Výskum a ochrana cicavcov na Slovensku 2. Zborník referátov z konferencie. Zvolen, 13. – 14.10.1995. Banská Bystrica: Slovenská agentúra životného prostredia, p. 107–108.
Möckel, R., 2000. Ein Goldschakal (Canis aureus) in Süd-brandenburg: Erstnachweis für Deutschland [A golden jackal (Canis aureus) in southern Brandenburg: first evidence for Germany]. Säugetierkundliche Informationen, 4: 477–481.
Nagy, J., 1959. Berichtigung zur Szunyoghys „Systematischer Revision des ungarländischen Schakals, gleichzeitig eine Bemerkung über das Rohrwolf-Problem“ [Correction to Szunyoghy‘s “Systematic revision of the Hungarian jackal, at the same time a comment on the reed wolf problem”]. Säugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, 7 (2): 62–64.
Negi, T., 2014. Review on current worldwide status, distribution, ecology and dietary habits of golden jackal, Canis aureus. Octa Journal Environmental Research, 2 (4): 338–359.
Newsome, T.M., Greenville, A.C., Ćirović, D., Dickman, C.R., Johnson, C.N., Krofel, M., Letnic, M., Ripple, W.J., Ritchie, E.G., Stoyanov, S., Wirsing, A.J., 2017. Top predators constrain mesopredator distributions. Nature Communications, 8: 154–169.545751028534486 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15469
Paulauskas, A., Ražanskė, I., Radzijevskaja, J., Nugaraitė, N., Gedminas, V., 2018. The golden jackal Canis aureus – a new species in the Baltic countries. Biologija, 64 (3): 203–207. https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v64i3.3825
Penezić, A., Ćirović, D., 2015. Seasonal variation in diet of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Serbia. Mammal Research, 60 (4): 309–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-015-0241-1
Pyšková, K., Storch, D., Horáček, I., Kauzál, O., Pyšek, P., 2016. Golden jackal (Canis aureus) in the Czech Republic: the first record of a live animal and its long-term persistence in the colonized habitat. ZooKeys, 641: 151–163. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10946
Radović, A., Kovačić, D., 2010. Diet composition of the golden jackal (Canis aureus L.) on the Pelješac Peninsula, Dalmatia, Croatia. Periodicum Biologorum, 112 (2): 219–224.
Rajský, D., Nagy, Z., 1998. Výskyt šakala zlatého (Canis aureus) na Slovensku [Some aspects of the occurrence of golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Slovakia]. Slovenský Veterinársky Časopis, 23 (1): 34–35.
Rajský, D., Hell, P., Sokol, J., 2005. Šakal zlatý na Slovensku [Golden jackal in Slovakia]. Naše Poľovníctvo, 8: 16–17.
Ranc, N., Krofel, M., Ćirović, D., 2018. Canis aureus (errata version published in 2019). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T118264161A144166860. [cit. 2020-10-02].
Rutkowski, R., Krofel, M., Giannatos G., Ćirović, D., Mannil, P., Volokh, A.M., Bogdanowicz, W., 2015. A European concern? Genetic structure and expansion of golden jackals (Canis aureus) in Europe and the Caucasus. PLoS One, 10 (11): e0141236. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141236
Saisamorn, A., Duengkae, P., Pattanavibool, A., Duangchantrasiri, S., Simcharoen, A., Smith, J.L.D., 2019. Spatial and temporal analysis of leopards (Panthera pardus), their prey and tigers (Panthera tigris) in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. Folia Oecologica, 46: 73–82. https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2019-0010
Sillero-Zubiri, C., Hoffmann, M., Macdonald, D.W., 2004. Canids: foxes, wolves, jackals and dogs: status survey and conservation action plan. [online]. 2nd ed. IUCN/SSC Action Plans for the Conservation of Biological Diversity. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. 430 p. [cit. 05-07-2020]. http://www1.nina.no/lcie_new/pdf/634989770626215825_Sillero-Zubiri%20IUCN%20Canid%20action%20plan.pdf
Slamka, M., Kaštier, P., Schwarz, M., 2017. The golden jackal in Slovakia. Canid Biology and Conservation, 20 (9): 38–41.
Sommer, R., Benecke, N., 2005. Late-Pleistocene and early Holocene history of the canid fauna of Europe (Canidae). Mammalian Biology, 70: 227–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2004.12.001
Spassov, N., 1989. The position of jackals in the Canis genus and life history of the golden jackal (Canis aureus L.) in Bulgaria and on the Balkans. Historia Naturalis Bulgarica, 1: 44–56.
Spassov, N., Acosta-Pankov, I., 2019. Dispersal history of the golden jackal (Canis aureus moreoticus Geoffroy, 1835) in Europe and possible causes of its recent population explosion. Biodiversity Data Journal, 7: e34825. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.7.e34825
Stoyanov, S., 2012. Golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Bulgaria: current status, distribution, demography and diet. In Đorđević, N. (ed.). International symposium on hunting “Modern aspects of sustainable management of game populations”. Zemun-Belgrade, Serbia, 22–24 June 2012. Zemun: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, p. 48–56.
Stratford, J., 2015. Golden jackal in Lithuania, a consideration of its arrival, impact and status. Zoology and Ecology, 25 (4): 277–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2015.1073894
Szabó, L., Heltai, M., Lanszki, J., 2006. River Tiscia as a green corridor in the spread of golden jackal in Hungary. Vadbiológia 12: 47–54.
Szabó, L., Heltai, M., Lanszki, J., Szöcs, E., 2007. An indigenous predator, the golden jackal (Canis aureus L. 1758) spreading like an invasive species in Hungary. Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, 63-64: 230–235.
Szabó, L., Heltai, M., Szöcs, E., Lanszki, J., Lehoczki, R., 2009. Expansion range of golden jackal in Hungary between 1997 and 2006. Mammalia, 73: 307–311. https://doi.org/10.1515/MAMM.2009.048
Szunyoghy, J., 1957. Systematische Revision des ungarländischen Schakals, gleichzeitig eine Bemerkung über das Rohrwolf-Problem [Systematic revision of the Hungarian jackal, at the same time a remark about the problem of the Austrian Rohrwolf]. Annales Musei Historico-naturalis Hungarici, 8: 425–433.
Szunyoghy, J., 1959. A nádifarkas [Golden jackal]. Vertebrata Hungarica, 1 (1): 74–88.
Šálek, M., Červinka, J., Banea, O., Krofel, M., Ćirović, D., Selanec, I., Penezić, A., Grill, S., Riegert, J., 2014. Population densities and habitat use of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) in farmlands across the Balkan Peninsula. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 60: 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-013-0765-0
Tóth, T., Krecsák, L., Szücs, E., Heltai, M., Huszár, G., 2009. Record of the golden jackal (Canis aureus L., 1758) in Hungary from 1800 until 2007, based on literature survey. North-Western Journal of Zoology, 5: 386–405.
Trouwborst, A, Krofel, M., Linnell, J.D.C., 2015. Legal implications of range expansions in a terrestrial carnivore: the case of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Europe. Biodiversity and Conservation, 24: 2593–5610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-0948-y
Urban, P., Ambros, M., Černecký, J., Uhrin, M., 2019. Červený zoznam cicavcov Slovenska [The Red List of Mammals of Slovakia]. In Urban, P., Lukáčová, A. (eds). Výskum a ochrana cicavcov na Slovensku. Zborník abstraktov zo 14. celoštátnej vedeckej konferencie s medzinárodnou účasťou. Banská Bystrica, 14. – 15. 11. 2019. Banská Bystrica: Univerzita Mateja Bela, Fakulta prírodných vied, p. 42.
Urban, P., Ambros, M., Černecký, J., Uhrin, M., 2020. The Red List of mammals of Slovakia. Biologia, Bratislava. In press.
Urban, P., Bučko, J., Kušík, P., 2017. Šakal zlatý na Slovensku – ako ho vníma verejnosť? [Golden jackal in Slovakia – how is perceived by the public?]. Quaestiones Rerum Naturalium, 4 (1): 1–31.
Urban, P., Rajský, D., 2018. Bibliography on Canis aureus in Slovakia (Carnivora: Canidae). Lynx, n. s. (Praha), 49: 295–307. https://doi.org/10.2478/lynx-2018-0022
Uzelac, A., Klun, I., Ćirović, D., Penezić, A., Ćirković, V., Djurković-Djaković, O., 2019. Detection and ge-notyping of Toxoplasma gondii in wild canids in Serbia. Parasitology International, 73: 101973.31404655 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2019.101973
Weingarth, K., Gahbauer, M., Heurich, M., Müller, J., Leibl, F., 2012. Second record of a golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Germany. Säugetierkundliche Informationen, 8: 443–446.
Žiak, D., Urban, P., 2001. Červený (ekosozologický) zoznam cicavcov (Mammalia) Slovenska [(Red (ecosozological) list of mammals (Mammalia) of Slovakia)]. In Baláž, D., Marhold. K., Urban, P. (eds). Červený zoznam rastlín a živočíchov Slovenska. Ochrana prírody 20 Suplement. Banská Bystrica: Štátna ochrana prírody Slovenskej republiky, p. 154–156.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This journal provides immediate open access to its content under the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. Authors who publish with this journal retain all copyrights except for commercial rights (transfer of commercial rights) and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.
