Adapting date palm offshoots to long-term irrigation using groundwater in sandy soil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2021-0007Keywords:
groundwater, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, water system cyclesAbstract
The date palm can grow in desert areas using high salinity groundwater by increasing the number of irrigation cycles. A field experiment was carried out on date palm cv. Sayer offshoots grown in sandy saline soil during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The outcomes demonstrated that the application of saline (10 dS m–1) groundwater every four days increased plant height, number of new leaves, total chlorophyll, and relative water content. In turn, the hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage were reduced. Also, the effect of this treatment improved the growth of the plants, thus reduced the absorption of sodium, chloride, and increased potassium, then decreased the Na/K ratio. Cluster analysis showed two distinct cluster groups. In the first group, the dissimilarity between the treatments is illustrated by the influence of freshwater. While the second group showed the similarity between the treatments of four days and every week in the subgroup. Whereas treatment of two weeks duration shows the most detrimental effect on growth indices and chemical properties of offshoots. The utilization of saline groundwater in the water system of the date palm is the best option among the solutions possible in the current conditions of drought and thermal retention.
References
Abbas, M.F., Jasim, A.M., Shareef, H.J., 2015. Role of sulphur in salinity tolerance of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) offshoots cvs. Berhi and Sayer. International Journal of Agricultural and Food Science, 5: 92–97.
Abdelgawad, H., Zinta, G., Hegab, M.M., Pandey, R., Asard, H., Abuelsoud, W., 2016. High salinity induces different oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in maize seedlings organs. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7: 276. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00276
Abdul Khaliq, A., Zia-Ul-Haq, M., Ali, F., Aslam, F., Matloob, A., Navab, A., Hussain, S., 2015. Salinity tolerance in wheat cultivars is related to enhanced activities of enzymatic antioxidants and reduced lipid peroxidation. Clean – Soil, Air, Water, 43: 1248–1258. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201400854
Acosta-Motos, J.R., Ortuño, M.F., Bernal-Vicente, A., Diaz-Vivancos, P., Sanchez-Blanco, M.J., Hernandez, J.A., 2017. Plant responses to salt stress: adaptive mechanisms. Agronomy, 7: 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy7010018
Al Kharusi, L., Al Yahyai, R., Yaish, M.W., 2019. Antioxidant response to salinity in salt-tolerant and salt-susceptible cultivars of date palm. Agriculture, 9: 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9010008
Al Kharusi, L., Assaha, D.V.M., Al-Yahyai, R., Yaish, M.W., 2017. Screening of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars for salinity tolerance. Forests, 8: 136. https://doi.org/10.3390/f8040136
Al-Muaini, A., Green, S., Dakheel, A., Abdullah, A.H., Abou dahr, W.A., Dixon, S., Kemp, P., Clothier, B., 2019. Irrigation management with saline groundwater of a date palm cultivar in the hyper-arid United Arab Emirates. Agricultural Water Management, 211: 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.09.042
Al Omron, A.M., El-Maghraby, S.E., Nadeem, M.E.A., El-Eter, A.M., Al-Mohani, H., 2012. Long term effect of irrigation with the treated sewage effluent on some soil properties of Al-Hassa Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 11: 15–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2011.04.004
Aldhebiani, A.Y., Metwali, E.M.R., Soliman, H.I.A., Howladar, S.M., 2017. Response of different date palm cultivars to salinity and osmotic stresses using tissue culture technique. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 17: 12–21. https://doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/15.0674
Aljuburi, H.J., Maroff, A., Wafi, M., 2007. The growth and mineral composition of Hatamy date palm seedlings as affected by sea water and growth regulators. Acta Horticulturae, 736: 161–164. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.736.13
Allbed, A., Kumar, L., Shabani, F., 2017. Climate change impacts on date palm cultivation in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Agricultural Science, 155: 1203–1218. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859617000260
Alrasbi, S.A.R., Hussain, N., Schmeisky, H., 2010. Evaluation of the growth of date palm seedlings irrigated with saline water in the sultanate of Oman. Acta Horticulturae, 882: 233–246. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.882.26
Alturki, S., 2018. Effect of NaCl on growth and development of in vitro plants of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Khainazi cultivar. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 17: 120–128. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2018.120.128
Bates, L. S., Waldren, R. P., Teare, I.D.R., 1973. Determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39: 205–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018060
Ben-Gal, A., Ityel, E., Dudley, L., Cohen, S., Yermiyahu, U., Presnov, E., Zigmond, L., Shani, U., 2008. Effect of irrigation water salinity on transpiration and on leaching requirements: a case study for bell peppers. Agricultural Water Management, 95: 587–597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2007.12.008
Çelik, Ö., Atak, Ç., 2012. The effect of salt stress on antioxidative enzymes and proline content of two Turkish tobacco varieties. Turkish Journal of Biology, 36: 339–356. https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-1108-11
Cresser, M.S., Parsons, J., 1979. Sulphuric – perchloric acid digestion of plant material for the determination of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Analytica Chimica Acta, 109: 431–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)84273-2
Djibril, S., Ould, K.M., Diaga, D., Diégane, D., Abaye, B.F., Maurice, S., Alain, B., 2005. Growth and development of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seedlings under drought and salinity stresses. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4: 968–972.
Efimova, M. V., Savchuk, A.L., Hasan, J.A.K., Litvinovskaya, R.P., Khripach, V.A., Kholodova, V.P., Kuznetsov, V.V., 2014. Physiological mechanisms of enhancing salt tolerance of oilseed rape plants with brassinosteroids. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 61: 733–743. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443714060053
Hamad, I., Abdelgawad, H., Al Jaouni, S., Zinta, G., Asard, H., Hassan, S., Hegab, M., Hagagy, N., Selim, S., 2015. Metabolic analysis of various date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars from Saudi Arabia to assess their nutritional quality. Molecules, 20: 13620–13641. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200813620
Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Fujita, M., 2013. Plant response to salt stress and role of exogenous protectants to mitigate salt-induced damages. In Ahmad, P., Ahmad, P., Azooz, M.M., Prasad, M.N.V.(eds). Ecophysiology and responses of plants under salt stress. New York: Springer. 510 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4747-4
Ismail, S.M., Al-Qurashi, A.D., Awad, M.A., 2014. Optimization of irrigation water use, yield, and quality of “Nabbut-Saif” date palm under dry land conditions. Irrigation and Drainage, 63: 29–37. https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.1823
Jasim, A.M., Abbas, M.F., Shareef, H.J., 2016. Calcium application mitigates salt stress in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) offshoots cultivars of Berhi and Sayer. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 107: 103–112. https://doi.org/10.14720/aas.2016.107.1.11
Miller, R.O., 1998. Extractable chloride, nitrate, orthophosphate, potassium, and sulfate-sulfuric plant tissue: 2 % acetic and extraction. In Kalra, Y.P. Handbook of reference methods for plant analysis. Boca Raton: CRC Press, p. 115–118. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420049398.ch15
Lichtenthaler, H.K., Wellburn, A.R., 1983. Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents. Biochemical Society Transactions, 11: 591–592. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0110591
Lin, J.S., Kuo, C.C., Yang, I.C., Tsai, W.A., Shen, Y.H., Lin, C.C., Liang, Y.C., LI, Y.C., Kuo, Y.W., King, Y.C., Lai, H.M., Jeng, S.T., 2018. MicroRNA160 modulates plant development and heat shock protein gene expression to mediate heat tolerance in Arabidopsis. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9: 68. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00068
Madhava Rao, K.V., Sresty, T.V.S., 2000. Antioxidative parameters in the seedlings of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millspaugh) in response to Zn and Ni stresses. Plant Science, 157: 113–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(00)00273-9
Niu, L., Liao, W., 2016. Hydrogen peroxide signaling in plant development and abiotic responses: Crosstalk with nitric oxide and calcium. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7: art. 230. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00230
Pal, L.E.R., Preez, C.D., Strydom, M., Rensburg, L., Bennie, A., 2010. Effect of irrigation on soil salinity profiles along the lower Vaal River, South Africa. Water Resources Research, 33: 473–478. https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v33i4.52942
Ramoliya, P.J., Pandey, A.N., 2003. Soil salinity and water status affect growth of Phoenix dactylifera seedlings. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 31: 345–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/01140671.2003.9514270
Shanahan, J.F., Edwards, I.B., Quick, J.S., 1990. Membrane thermostability and heat tolerance of spring wheat. Crop Sciences, 30: 247–251. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183X003000020001x
Shareef, H.J., 2019. Salicylic acid and potassium promote flowering through modulating the hormonal levels and protein pattern of date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. Sayer offshoots. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 114: 231–238. https://doi.org/10.14720/aas.2019.114.2.8
Shareef, H.J., 2020. Organic fertilizer modulates IAA and ABA levels and biochemical reactions of date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. Hillawi cultivar under salinity conditions. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 8: 24–30. https://doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2019.02.062
Shareef, H.J., Abdi, G., Fahad, S., 2020. Change in photosynthetic pigments of date palm offshoots under abiotic stress factors. Folia Oecologica, 47: 45–51. https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2020-0006
Shareef, H.J., Jasim A.M., Abbas, M.F., 2017. Molecular analysis of anti-salinity compounds on date palm offshoots (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars using RAPD. Journal of Environment Science, 6: 61–71.
Sharif, A.O., Sanduk, M., Taleb, H.M., 2010. The date palm and its role in reducing soil salinity and global warming. In Zaid, A., Alhadrami, G.A. (eds). Proceedings of the fourth international date palm conference. Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, March 15-17, 2010. Acta Horticulturae, 882. Leuven: ISHS, pp. 59–64. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.882.5
Yaish, M.W., Kumar, P.P., 2015. Salt tolerance research in date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.), past, present, and future perspectives. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6: 1–5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00348
Yu, C.W., Murphy, T., Lin, C., 2003. Hydrogen peroxide-induces chilling tolerance in mung beans mediated through ABA-independent glutathione accumulation. Functional Plant Biology, 30: 955–963.32689080 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP03091
Zhang, J., Xu, X., Lei, J., Sun, S., Fan, J., Li, S., Gu, F., Qiu, Y., Xu, B., 2008. The salt accumulation at the shifting aeolian sandy soil surface with high salinity groundwater drip irrigation in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert. Chinese Science Bulletin, 53: 63–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-008-6006-3
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This journal provides immediate open access to its content under the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. Authors who publish with this journal retain all copyrights except for commercial rights (transfer of commercial rights) and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.
