Influence of forest stand on the reproductive biology of the edible dormouse Glis glis

Authors

  • Magdalena Moska Department of Genetics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences Author
  • Anna Mucha Department of Genetics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences Author
  • Heliodor Wierzbicki Department of Genetics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences Author
  • Błażej Nowak Department of Genetics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2026-0002

Keywords:

age of trees, dormice, mast seeding, nesting boxes, reproduction

Abstract

In this study, carried out between 2018 and 2024, we investigated how stand species composition, stand age, and tree mast cycles affect selected life functions of the edible dormouse. A total of 81 nesting boxes were installed in eight study plots in south-western Poland in an area of low hills covered by deciduous and mixed forests. The locations varied in tree species composition and stand age. The number of inspections conducted annually ranged from 1 to 7. A total of 208 dormice (including 128 juveniles from 28 litters) were recorded. There was no association between the average number of litters per year and stand age, but there was a clear difference in this trait between oak and beech forests (in favour of the former). The number of litters increased in mast years, while the total number of dormice observed in mast and non-mast years did not differ significantly. Juveniles outnumbered adults in seeded years, but the difference was not significant. The study showed that nest boxes were more readily occupied in younger stands. More nest boxes were occupied in oak forests than in beech forests.

References

Atlas ssaków Polski [Atlas of mammals of Poland]. Warszawa: IOP PAN. [cit. 2025-08-25]. https://www.iop.krakow.pl/Ssaki/gatunek/84. (In Polish).

Abbass, K., Qasim, M.Z., Song, H., Murshed, M., Mahmood, H., Younis, I., 2022. A review of the global climate change impacts, adaptation, and sustainable mitigation measures. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29: 42539–42559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19718-6

Bieber, C., 1998. Population dynamics, sexual activity and reproduction failure in the fat dormouse (Myoxus glis). Journal of Zoology, 244: 223–229. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1998.tb00027.x

Bieber, C., Ruf, T., 2004. Seasonal timing of reproduction and hibernation in the edible dormouse (Glis glis). In Barnes, B.M., Carey, H.V. (eds). Life in the cold V: evolution, mechanism, adaptation, and application. Twelfth International Hibernation Symposium. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, p. 113–125.

Bogdziewicz, M., Kelly, D., Thomas, P.A., Lageard, J.G.A., Hacket-Pain, A., 2020. Climate warming disrupts mast seeding and its fitness benefits in European beech. Nature Plants, 6: 88–94. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-0592-8

Cornils, J.S., Hoelzl, F., Rotter, B., Bieber, C., Ruf, T., 2017. Edible dormice (Glis glis) avoid areas with a high density of their preferred food plant – the European beech. Frontiers in Zoology, 14: 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-017-0206-0

Grodziński, W., Sawicka-Kapusta, K., 1970. Energy values of tree-seeds eaten by small mammals. Oikos, 21: 5–58. https://doi.org/10.2307/3543838

Hacket-Pain, A., Bogdziewicz, M., 2021. Climate change and plant reproduction: trends and drivers of mast seeding change. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 376: 20200379. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0379

Hilton, G.M., Packham, J.R., 2003. Variation in the masting of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in northern Europe over two centuries (1800–2001). Forestry, 76: 319–328. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/76.3.319

Holcová Gazárková, A., Adamik, P., 2016. Timing of breeding and second litters in edible dormouse (Glis glis). Folia Zoologica, 65: 165–168. https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v65.i2.a12.2016

Jurczyszyn, M., 2018. Food and foraging preferences of the edible dormouse Glis glis at two sites in Poland. Folia Zoologica, 67: 83–90. https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v67.i2.a5.2018

Karels, T.J., Byrom, A.E., Boonstra, R., Krebs, C.J., 2000. The interactive effects of food and predators on reproduction and overwinter survival of arctic ground squirrels. Journal of Animal Ecology, 69: 235–247. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2000.00387.x

Kondracki, J., 2002. Geografia regionalna Polski [Regional geography of Poland]. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. (In Polish).

Koskela, E., Huitu, O., Koivula, M., Korpimāki, E., Mappes, T., 2004. Sex-biased maternal investment in voles: importance of environmental conditions. Proceedings of the Royal Society: B Biological Sciences, 271: 1385–1391. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.2711

Kryštufek, B., 2010. Glis glis (Rodentia: Gliridae). Mammalian Species, 42: 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1644/865.1

Lebl, K., Rotter, B., Kurbisch, K., Bieber, C., Ruf, T., 2011. Local environmental factors affect reproductive investment in female edible dormice. Journal of Mammalogy, 92: 926–933. https://doi.org/10.1644/10-MAMM-A-225.1

Marteau, M., Sara M., 2015. Habitat preferences of edible dormouse, Glis glis italicus: implications for the management of arboreal mammals in Mediterranean forest. Folia Zoologica, 64: 136–150. https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v64.i2.a7.2015

Moska, M., Mucha, A., Wierzbicki, H., Nowak, B., 2021. Edible dormouse (Glis glis) population study in southwestern Poland provides evidence of multiple paternity and communal nesting. Journal of Zoology, 314: 194–202. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12881

Moska, M., Mucha, A., Wierzbicki, H., Nowak, B., 2023. The influence of landscape features on the population connectivity and genetic structure of the Edible Dormouse Glis glis in Poland. Journal of Mammalogy, 104: 1390–1399. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyad078

Murúa, R., Briones, M., 2005. Abundance of the sigmodont mouse Oligoryzomys longicaudatus and patterns of tree seeding in Chilean temperate forest. Mammalian Biology, 70: 321–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2005.03.007

Pilastro, A., Missiaglia, E., Marin, G., 1996. Age-related reproductive success in solitary and communally nesting female dormice (Glis glis). Journal of Zoology, 239: 601–608. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05946.x

Pilastro, A., Tavecchia, G., Marin, G., 2003. Long living and reproduction skipping in the fat dormouse. Ecology, 84: 1784–1792. https://doi.org/10.189/0012-685(2003)084[1784:LLARSI]2.0.CO;2

Pilāts, V., Pilāte, D., Dzalba, I., 2009. The use of nest box es to survey marginally distributed fat dormouse Glis glis in Latvia. Acta Universitas Latviensis Ser. Biology, 753: 7–18.

Pucek, Z., 1984. Klucz do oznaczania ssaków Polski [Key-guide to mammals identification].Warszawa: Pánstwowe Wydawn. Nauk, p. 232–234. (In Polish).

Pureswaran, D.S., Roques, A., Battisti, A., 2018. Forest insects and climate change. Current Forestry Report, 4: 35–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-018-0075-6

R Development Core Team, 2024. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. www.R-project.org/

Ruf, T., Bieber, C., 2020. Physiological, and life-history adaptations to environmental fluctuations in the edible dor-mouse. Frontiers in Physiology, 11: 423. https://doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00423

Schlund, W., Scharfe, F., Ganzhorn, J.U., 2002. Long-term comparison of food availability and reproduction in the edible dormouse (Glis glis). Mammalian Biology, 67: 219–232. https://doi.org/10.1078/1616-5047-00033

Selås, V., Framstad, E., Spidso, T.K., 2002. Effects of seed masting of bilberry, oak and spruce on sympatric populations of bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) in southern Norway. Journal of Zoology, 258: 459–468. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952836902001619

Touzot, L., Schermer, É., Venner, S., Delzon, S., Rousset, C., Baubet, É., Gaillard, J.M., Gamelon, M., 2020. How does increasing mast seeding frequency affect population dynamics of seed consumers? Wild boar as a case study. Ecological Applications, 30: e02134. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2134

Vekhnik, V.A., 2020. Comparative analysis of biology and ecology of Glis glis (Gliridae, Rodentia) in the Zhiguli State Nature Reserve (Russia) and adjacent territories. Nature Conservation Research, 5: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2020.001

Vekhnik, V.A., Dyuzhaeva, I.V., 2022. Invertebrates in the faeces of an arboreal and herbivorous rodent species: the edible dormouse (Glis glis) as an example. Mammalian Research, 67: 123–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-021-00608-0

Yang, L.H., Bastow, J.L., Spence, K.O., Wright, A.N., 2008. What can we learn from resource pulses? Ecology, 89: 621–634. https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0175.1

Downloads

Published

2026-01-26

Issue

Section

Articles