Jazykovedný časopis
type: channel
description: Cieľom Jazykovedného časopisu je zhromažďovať inovatívne príspevky, ktoré spája záujem o všeobecné a teoretické otázky jazyka, jeho povahy, funkcií, riadiacich princípov a interakcie s kognitívnou a sociálnou realitou. Tento zastrešujúci cieľ však pozýva výlučne k predkladaniu návrhov z oblasti všeobecnej a teoretickej lingvistiky, ale otvára sa širokému spektru tém. Patria sem okrem iného štúdie na úrovni morfológie, syntaxe, sémantiky, štylistiky, pragmalingvistiky atď. Vzhľadom na špecifikáciu cieľa časopis neuverejňuje príspevky zaoberajúce sa štúdiom osvojovania si druhého jazyka a prekladom. Preferované sú príspevky zamerané na slovenčinu a iné, prevažne slovanské jazyky, vrátane porovnávacích príspevkov, v ktorých sa zohľadňujú slovanské jazyky. Návrhy môžu podporovať komparatívnu a/alebo historickú perspektívu, kvantitatívnu a/alebo kvalitatívnu metodológiu a môžu byť ukotvené vo všetkých hlavných súčasných lingvistických oblastiach, ako sú filozofia jazyka, kognitívna lingvistika, konštrukčná gramatika, sociolingvistika, diskurzné štúdie, korpusová lingvistika a iné. Týmto širokým spektrom perspektív chce časopis poskytnúť fórum pre výskumníkov, ktorí sa usilujú o hĺbkové a komplexné vysvetlenie jazykových javov, ako aj o lepšie pochopenie jazyka vo všeobecnosti.
publisher: Sciendo – De Gruyter
language: sk
publication name: Jazykovedný časopis
issn: 0021-5597
items: Deep content and deep sentiment analysis
items: K proměnám textových funkcí v průběhu staletí na příkladu Matthioliho herbáře
items: Verbalizace hodnotících postojů v online komunikaci
items: O (liberálnom) fašizme alebo komunikačná manipulácia slovenských politikov
items: K variabilitě frazémů: my nesedneme na žádnou vějičku a nedáme se opít rohlíkem
items: Styl, jazykové kódy a konstrukce recipienta (na příkladu české detektivní literatury)
items: Literární stylizace každodenní komunikace ve dvou současných českých prózách
items: K pojmu stylotvorný faktor
items: Inkluzívny potenciál komunikačno-slohovej výchovy
items: Aspekty inklúzie v multimodálnej sociovedeckej komunikácii
items: Kváziinkluzívne komunikačné správanie ako novodobý trend
items: Inkluzívna persuázia
items: Komunikacja egalitarna we współczesnej polszczyźnie
items: Stimuly pre slovenskú inkluzívnu štylistiku z interdisciplinárneho spektra
items: Koncepcia inkluzívneho štýlu a oporné pojmy jeho opisu
items: Fonologické procesy v prúde posunkovania
items: Quantitative Corpus Analysis of VladimirPutin’s Speeches
items: Corpus of Dramas by the Čapek Brothers From a Quantitative Perspective
items: Longer Words, Easier-to-pronounce Phonemes: A Pilot Study
items: Syntactic Complexity and Political Ideology: A Study of Czechoslovak andCzech Presidential Speeches
items: A Corpus-based Analysis of Color Imagery in the Poetry Collection Dar by Maša Haľamová
items: Advanced Syntactic Phenomena in the NomVallex Lexicon
items: Modelling Valency Frames Using Inheritance: The Case of Czech Adjectives -telný ‘able’
items: Do Frequency Types Matter in Lexicography?
items: From Rule-based Proofreader Beta Opravidlo to AI-powered Opravidlo 2.0
items: Annotated Slovak Datasets for Toxicity, Hate Speech, and Sentiment Analysis
items: Tailored Fine-tuning for Comma Insertion in Czech
items: AI and the Translation of Idioms – Challenges, Success, and a Corpus Perspective
items: Financial Question-answering Dataset for Slovak Language Model Evaluation
items: Redefining Terminology Work: The Role of Glossaries and TMs in Customized AI-driven Machine Translation

Deep content and deep sentiment analysis
type: item
description: The objective of the article is twofold: first, to employ the knowledge of the recurrence of low-frequency words in authorial texts; and second, to prevent the misuse of this knowledge. Contrary to the prevailing authorship attribution theory and practice (Evert et al. 2017, Juola 2008), our research has revealed that the personal linguistic profile is not primarily composed of frequent words with grammatical functions. Instead, we have identified that a distinct set of full-meaning words defines an individual’s linguistic profile (Faltýnek 2020, Faltýnek – Matlach 2021). An examination of these meanings reveals an individual’s unconscious language habits and, consequently, their personality settings. Such personal profiling is referred to as “deep content” and “deep sentiment analysis”. The innovation in question has the potential to facilitate a novel form of linguistic personalization in digital communication, one that has not been previously observed or utilized. The main aim of this article is to describe the algorithm to conduct single-person linguistic deep content and deep sentiment profiling and personalization. We will describe technical steps to provide such a form of digital communication processing and to facilitate the adjustment of a text targeted at an individual, described as a System and method for adapting text-based data structures to text samples (Patent No.: US11797753B2, Faltýnek et al. 2023). This algorithm can be used to (a) produce a personal linguistic profile (analogically to psychometrics instruments such as NEO-FFI Big Five, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)), (b) target digital communication to an individual by “translating” a text to their language (i.e. linguistic habits) and stimulate desired feelings to a predetermined content. The algorithm is, however, also designed (c) to be used to avoid procedures (a) and (b) using any kind of digital communication platform by an individual. This algorithm is implemented in th…
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: personalization
  topic: keywords
subject: single-person personalization
  topic: keywords
subject: marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: influencing
  topic: keywords
subject: people manipulation
  topic: keywords
subject: mind engineering
  topic: keywords
subject: PSYOPS
  topic: keywords
subject: author identification
  topic: keywords
subject: hapax legomena
  topic: keywords
subject: low-frequency words
  topic: keywords
subject: linguistic profile
  topic: keywords
subject: deep content
  topic: keywords
subject: deep sentiment
  topic: keywords
subject: Bruntal effect
  topic: keywords
subject: Cloakspeech
  topic: keywords
creator: Dan Faltýnek
creator: Martina Benešová
creator: Ondřej Kučera
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dan Faltýnek, Martina Benešová, Ondřej Kučera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 752
ending page: 771
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0058

K proměnám textových funkcí v průběhu staletí na příkladu Matthioliho herbáře
type: item
description: The present study considers the contemporary context of the creation of P. A. Mattiolli’s botanical-medical publication and its language mutations. The author observes alterations in the interpretation of subsequent editions of the Renaissance work. The publication of the herbarium is a continuous process, extending to the present day. Pietro Andrea Mattioli was an Italian physician and botanist who lived from 1501 to 1577. He initiated the composition of his herbarium as Commentarrii in sex libros Pedacii Dioscoridis, providing a commentary on the work of Pedania Dioskúrid of Anazarba De materia medica, dating from the 1st century AD. The Italian version of the herbarium was published in 1544. The extended Latin version was created in 1554. Concurrently, Mattioli assumed the role of Ferdinand Tyrolský’s personal physician in Prague. In this section, the reader will find an extensive reworking of Mattioli’s text by the renowned scholar Tadeáš Hájek (1525-1600). The Czech edition of the herbarium was published by Jiří Melantrich of Aventine in 1562. In the year 1563, Melantrich also published a German version, translated by Georg Handsch of Česká Lípa. The Polish edition was published with the support of King Sigismund Augustus. The result of the translation of the work is, among other things, the significant influence of Polish botanical terminology by Hájek’s Czech terminology. The townspeople utilised the herbarium for the subsequent two centuries as both a practical handbook and an atlas, owing to the descriptions of exotic flora. In the contemporary era, the text is widely regarded as an invaluable literary, linguistic and artistic treasure, in addition to its status as a comprehensive compendium of herbal medicine.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: professional style of the Renaissance
  topic: keywords
subject: professional field of communication
  topic: keywords
subject: Renaissance Herbarium
  topic: keywords
subject: professional communication sphere
  topic: keywords
subject: botanical
  topic: keywords
subject: pharmaceutical and medical literature of the early modern era
  topic: keywords
creator: Miloslav Vondráček
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Miloslav Vondráček https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 739
ending page: 751
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0057

Verbalizace hodnotících postojů v online komunikaci
type: item
description: The text analyses the verbal means by which communicators, especially members of the younger generation, express their evaluative attitudes towards various types of denotations in the electronic communication environment. These linguistic means are divided according to the types of evaluation into ambiguous in meaning, allowing different interpretations depending on the context, and further into means expressing positive and negative evaluation. The author’s primary focus is on the predominant English-derived elements, encompassing both single words and phrases, as well as English sentences in their original form. The majority of these words are currently used slang neologisms, which are characterised by expressiveness, economy of expression, linguistic creativity, and a striving for originality. It is also important to consider motivation and the methods used in relation to the specific characteristics of communication in the online environment.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: online communication
  topic: keywords
subject: evaluative attitude
  topic: keywords
subject: anglicism
  topic: keywords
subject: neologism
  topic: keywords
subject: expressive means
  topic: keywords
subject: linguistic economization
  topic: keywords
creator: Diana Svobodová
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Diana Svobodová https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 725
ending page: 738
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0056

O (liberálnom) fašizme alebo komunikačná manipulácia slovenských politikov
type: item
description: Political communication is one of the socially relevant forms of public communication. Political style is characterized by being strategic and success-oriented (the goal is to influence public opinion or create a certain ideological climate). However, by engaging in the disinformation discourse, persuasion is marked by an increased degree of communicative manipulation. A manipulative communication style is characterized by a specific instrumentalization of language. The analysis of communication style focuses on the development of the topic of so-called “liberal fascism,” which, as a term, is the target of public criticism. The effectiveness of political communication is ensured by the overall stylistic shaping of texts, meaning that attention is primarily focused on the ways of presenting the speech and creating suitable (interpretative) conditions for achieving a certain effect. The aim of this paper was to analyse the methods of manipulation in political communication, which are developed in all of its aspects, i.e. at the level of the content, at the level of self-presentation, at the level of relationship and at the level of appeal.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: liberal fascism
  topic: keywords
subject: manipulation
  topic: keywords
subject: style
  topic: keywords
subject: disinformation
  topic: keywords
subject: political communication
  topic: keywords
creator: Jaroslava Rusinková
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jaroslava Rusinková https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-02
publication date: 2026-02-02
starting page: 711
ending page: 724
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0055

K variabilitě frazémů: my nesedneme na žádnou vějičku a nedáme se opít rohlíkem
type: item
description: The present paper examines the variability of the Czech phraseme sednout/chytit na vějičku [meaning: to deceive someone, lit.: to sit/to catch someone on a decoy], as well as the use of the Czech word vějička [decoy] in a metaphorical sense. The material that was analysed consists of a series of corpus examples relating to the Czech phraseme sednout/chytit na vějičku. The corpora employed for this study were Totalita and SYN v13. The research method employed in this paper is the typology of multi-word expressions (Hnátková et al. 2018) and the typology of phraseme variability (Jelínek et al. 2018). The present study seeks to identify the types of variability that can be identified for the Czech phraseme under study. The analysis revealed the presence of different types of phraseme variability. A case of morphological variability was documented, namely the quite common use of the Czech noun vějička [decoy] as a part of the phraseme in the plural. The noun vějička can be further developed, sometimes with great richness, with attributes, which is an example of syntactic variability. The lexical variability is manifested both by the use of different verbs that can form the phraseme under study (e.g. sednout [to sit], chytit [to chatch]) and by their variants (e.g., sedat, chytat). The Czech expressions skákat/skočit na vějičku [to jump on a decoy] and naletět na vějičku [to fly on a decoy] are synonymous. These verbs can be regarded as further examples of lexical (verbal) variability of the phraseme under study. The corpus examples furthermore offered various types of pleonastic expressions, of which the phraseme under study became a constituent.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: phraseme variability
  topic: keywords
subject: pleonasticity
  topic: keywords
subject: Totalita (Corpus)
  topic: keywords
subject: SYN v 13 (Corpus)
  topic: keywords
subject: Czech phraseme sednout/chytit na vějičku (meaning: to deceive someone)
  topic: keywords
creator: Lucie Jílková
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Lucie Jílková https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 697
ending page: 710
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0054

Styl, jazykové kódy a konstrukce recipienta (na příkladu české detektivní literatury)
type: item
description: The paper explores the concept of literary style, examining its multifaceted and diverse character, which is characterised by the presence of multiple linguistic (and cultural) codes. The manner in which these codes are selected and utilised serves to construct the recipients as subjects who possess (or lack) specific knowledge, experiences, and attitudes. The issue is illustrated with three examples from contemporary Czech detective fiction, since this genre often stresses regional, historical or ethnic specifics. Jaroslav Velinský employs a substantial amount of non-standard Czech in his novels, incorporating colloquialisms and slang words to accentuate the local, social and temporal setting of the narration. Furthermore, the assumption is made that the recipient is familiar with the various cultural codes that exist. In the context of Petr Eidler’s novels, it is notable that the use of elements of the Czech Jewish ethnolect serves to recall the tradition and tragic past of the Jewish community. This contributes to the texts evoking a sense of otherness and exclusivity. (3) The detective stories penned by Jan Sagitarius are set in the environs of Těšín, Silesia. The use of the local dialect is nuanced, serving to demonstrate the distinctiveness of the region and to differentiate the characters’ positions. Eidler and Sagitarius construct the recipient as a subject to whom the codes used are not applicable.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: style, recipient
  topic: keywords
subject: detective fiction
  topic: keywords
subject: non-standard Czech
  topic: keywords
subject: slang
  topic: keywords
subject: Jewish ethnolect
  topic: keywords
subject: dialect
  topic: keywords
creator: Petr Mareš
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Petr Mareš https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 682
ending page: 696
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0053

Literární stylizace každodenní komunikace ve dvou současných českých prózách
type: item
description: The article sets out to examine the relationship that exists between the communicative sphere of everyday (primarily spoken) communication and the sphere of literary communication. The problematic concept of “colloquial style” is arguably not appropriate for association with either ordinary informal dialogues or dialogues of characters in artistic texts. The stylistic features of unprepared spoken communications are always selectively transferred to an artistic text, thereby representing a “stylised spontaneity” which is incorporated into the structure and singular style of a literary work. The potential for such a transfer is explored in this article through an analysis of two recently published Czech novels. In Alice Horáčková’s novel Rozpůlený dům [The Split House], the dialogues are primarily characterised by Czech-German multilingualism, combined with the typical devices of Common Czech (marginally also dialect) and lexical expressivity. In Simona Bohatá’s novel Klikař Beny [Beny the Lucky], multilingualism is only superficially represented, with the text predominantly featuring Common Czech and a colloquial vocabulary comprising slang, expressive words, vulgarisms and Germanisms. The transfer of the characteristics of ordinary communication into the sphere of art is characterised in the conclusion from the functional point of view. Furthermore, the issue of how to evaluate the stylised use of time-conditioned slang is raised.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: communicative sphere
  topic: keywords
subject: everyday spoken communication
  topic: keywords
subject: literary communication
  topic: keywords
subject: colloquial style
  topic: keywords
subject: slang
  topic: keywords
creator: Jana Hoffmannová
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jana Hoffmannová https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 661
ending page: 681
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0052

K pojmu stylotvorný faktor
type: item
description: The present study aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on style-forming factors in Czech and Slovak functional stylistics, with a particular focus on their configuration in texts. The authors propose that style-forming factors should be defined as elements that: Firstly, they are derived from the communicative situation and its components. Secondly, they are associated with a set of expressive means in the minds of community members. Thirdly, they influence both the production and reception of the text. In the context of subjective style formation, authors have distinguished between individual and group factors, the latter encompassing factors such as the author’s affiliation to a social group, particularly one characterised by age or gender. The present authors posit that functional styles emerge from a configuration of style-forming factors that reflect the individual components of a communicative situation that is considered typical for a given functional style. The relationship between these components and text style is indirect, with the norms of functional styles and their age- and gender-related varieties serving as mediators. This theoretical framework facilitates a more comprehensive analysis of the interplay between style-forming factors, functional style, and style norms. It also enables the study of the transformation of functional style norms, thereby integrating stylistics with variational and interactional sociolinguistics.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: style-forming factors
  topic: keywords
subject: communicative situation
  topic: keywords
subject: configuration of style-forming factors
  topic: keywords
subject: style norm
  topic: keywords
subject: functional style and its age- and gender-related varieties
  topic: keywords
subject: individual style
  topic: keywords
subject: singular style
  topic: keywords
creator: Kamila Mrázková
creator: Jiří Homoláč
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kamila Mrázková, Jiří Homoláč https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 645
ending page: 660
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0051

Inkluzívny potenciál komunikačno-slohovej výchovy
type: item
description: The contribution presented here is a partial publication output that follows logically from the implemented project of inclusive stylistics. It embodies its didactic-methodical constituent, which is oriented towards the implementation and evolution of the principles of inclusive language and inclusive stylistics within the context of school education in Slovak language classes, with a particular emphasis on communicative-stylistic education. In this phase of the research, the primary objective is to substantiate the necessity for the incorporation of Slovak as a mother tongue in the school environment, in light of the discernible escalation in degressive tendencies within society. Additionally, this phase aims to elucidate anti-inclusive factors in communication. In the text of the contribution, we advocate for forms of inclusion that are more broadly understood and intuitive, as opposed to their formalised and largely indoctrinated variants. This approach is intended to enhance the humanising effects of communication and practical stylisation.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: social inclusion
  topic: keywords
subject: inclusive stylistics
  topic: keywords
subject: communication and style education
  topic: keywords
subject: stylistics
  topic: keywords
subject: language didactic
  topic: keywords
creator: Miloš Horváth
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Miloš Horváth https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 636
ending page: 644
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0050

Aspekty inklúzie v multimodálnej sociovedeckej komunikácii
type: item
description: The article employs multimodal socioscientific communication to illustrate how the concept of inclusivity is portrayed in the multimodal online stylistic interaction of creators and recipients. The text subsequently provides a concise exposition of socioscientific communication within a virtual environment, with a particular emphasis on its defining characteristic of inclusiveness. This phenomenon is interpreted as an effect that emerges from a specific configuration of the interacting creator with recipients, media and stylistic qualities that are related to the clarity of the content and the politeness of the actors of the given communication. The initial points are illustrated through the interpretation of the multimodal socioscientific communication of the influencer Vedátor from the social network Instagram. The author’s interpretations are combined with the interpretations of language users that were collected during qualitative research. This provides a more nuanced understanding of verbal-nonverbal interaction in a virtual environment. The present study contributes to the ongoing discourse surrounding the specifics of multimodal (socioscientific) communication in relation to the stylization process and its product.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: socioscientific communication
  topic: keywords
subject: multimodality
  topic: keywords
subject: inclusive interaction stylistics
  topic: keywords
subject: Instagram
  topic: keywords
creator: Michal Zoller
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Michal Zoller https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 619
ending page: 635
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0049

Kváziinkluzívne komunikačné správanie ako novodobý trend
type: item
description: The present study focuses on the identification and characterisation of manifestations of quasi-inclusive communicative behaviour in the context of the media-social environment. The text emphasises the pivotal function of social media in the process of mediating social reality, a phenomenon that is intrinsically linked to alterations in communication practices that are influenced by the logic inherent in media. It is imperative to emphasise the significance of elucidating the fundamental characteristics of media reality, which serves as a conducive milieu for the cultivation and augmentation of quasi-inclusive communication practices. The concept of quasi-inclusiveness in relation to network communication is interpreted in two aspects: The first result is due to the pragmatization (instrumentalisation) of inclusive comprehensibility, as demonstrated through the analysis of media-scientific communication. The second result is a communication strategy, as demonstrated through the analysis of media-political communication. Drawing upon an analysis of media-scientific and media-political communications, the study interprets the key attributes of quasi-inclusive communicative behaviour. In the current socio-cultural context, such behaviour is perceived as an effective mode of interaction and is gradually becoming a communication trend beyond just social media. The study indicates a substantial shift in the manner in which experts and political figures engage with the general public, whereby quasi-partner communication, founded on quasi-inclusive communicative techniques, assumes a predominant role. This prompts further inquiry into the mounting influence of populism in social praxis, as it seamlessly integrates into public discourse, influenced by the forces of entertainment culture and intellectual simplicity.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: quasi-inclusive communication
  topic: keywords
subject: media-social reality
  topic: keywords
subject: media-scientific communication
  topic: keywords
subject: media-political communication
  topic: keywords
creator: Maryna Kazharnovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Maryna Kazharnovich https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 600
ending page: 618
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0048

Inkluzívna persuázia
type: item
description: The present paper aims to develop the theoretical concept of inclusive persuasion. A fruitful moment for reflection on inclusivity in persuasion is the acknowledgement that a difference of opinion—and the accompanying psychological moment of resistance on the recipient’s side—is an inherent component of persuasive activity. In the present paper, further anti-inclusive factors in persuasion are identified (situation, social hierarchy, ego and personality orientation of the interactants, etc.) that can be, to a certain extent, neutralised through the adoption of an inclusive persuasive style. The present paper draws upon psychological accounts of persuasion (Grác 1985; Rosenberg 2019) to posit the notion that legitimate persuasion is an interaction in which both the persuader and the persuadee manifest and actively assert their agency, in accordance with the principle of participant involvement. The objective of the present paper is twofold: firstly, to provide a linguistic account of inclusive persuasion and, secondly, to demonstrate selected linguistic and communicative acts that contribute to the inclusive stylization of persuasive interaction. Furthermore, we interpret inclusive persuasion, in accordance with F. Miko’s (1982) framework, as a form of value-based communication, and address the following questions: What are the factors that contribute to the value conveyed through persuasive communication? What values guide the communicative behaviour of participants in inclusive persuasive interactions? How do participants exert value-based influence on one another through persuasive communication?
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: inclusive persuasion
  topic: keywords
subject: inclusive style
  topic: keywords
subject: anti-inclusive factors in persuasion
  topic: keywords
subject: value-based communication
  topic: keywords
creator: Alena Bohunická
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Alena Bohunická https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 585
ending page: 599
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0047

Komunikacja egalitarna we współczesnej polszczyźnie
type: item
description: The author’s research objective is to describe the phenomenon of communicative egalitarianism. The article presents remarks on contemporary nominative practices within national communities that recognize inclusivity as a social and linguistic value. The author addresses the question of how communicative practices in contemporary Polish reflect the egalitarian and identity-related tendencies characteristic of current public discourse. An important conceptual clarification introduced in the article concerns the distinction between non-discriminatory language and egalitarian language. The former is applied to members of different racial or ethnic groups within a dominant community, while the latter is primarily used in reference to women within a male-dominated public discourse. The article is organized into four thematic sections, each corresponding to a distinct communicative domain: 1) Institutional communication grounded in respect for the addressee; 2) Communication respecting sexual and romantic orientation; 3) Communication acknowledging and respecting femininity; 4) Communication sensitive to neurodiversity. The author conducts a reconnaissance of spoken and written language practices corresponding to these four categories. The first category encompasses practices related to the use of noun doublets referring to persons, collective nouns, and various forms of linguistic neutralization. In written communication, this includes the use of keyboard symbols such as the underscore (_) and the slash (/), which serve as graphic markers of gender inclusivity. This group also includes initiatives such as the Jasnopis project, which promotes clarity, accessibility, and inclusivity in public and institutional communication. The second category includes the use of noun endings such as -e and -u, as well as the verbal inflectional particle -u employed as an alternative to gender-marked verb forms. These morphological strategies serve to neutralize grammatical gender and prom…
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: inclusivity
  topic: keywords
subject: feminism
  topic: keywords
subject: neuroatypicality
  topic: keywords
subject: non-heteronormativity
  topic: keywords
subject: romantic orientation
  topic: keywords
creator: Iwona Loewe
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iwona Loewe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 570
ending page: 584
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0046

Stimuly pre slovenskú inkluzívnu štylistiku z interdisciplinárneho spektra
type: item
description: The nascent Slovak inclusive interactive stylistics has the ambition of interconnecting a thoroughly anchored theory on the selection of language means in structurally defined abstract language styles with considerations of the preferred alternative in the spectrum of their communication applications in the context of 21st-century liberal Europe. It is imperative to establish stylistics that serve to neutralise violence in interpersonal communication, thereby promoting practices and norms of humanised communication grounded in the principles of equality, freedom, and the full self-realisation of engaged individuals within a participatory society. It is evident that pragmatic concepts play a pivotal role in facilitating a novel, inclusive interaction stylistics. These concepts are designed to negotiate and ratify the meaning of verbal interactions in conversations, while preserving the partner’s face (in polite communication). Additionally, they draw upon stimuli from context- ‑dependent discourse analysis and communication theory.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: interaction
  topic: keywords
subject: communication
  topic: keywords
subject: linguistic pragmatics
  topic: keywords
subject: (im)politeness
  topic: keywords
subject: inclusive stylistics
  topic: keywords
creator: Oľga Orgoňová
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Oľga Orgoňová https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 558
ending page: 569
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0045

Koncepcia inkluzívneho štýlu a oporné pojmy jeho opisu
type: item
description: The present study constitutes a contribution to the development of the concept of inclusive style as the basis of inclusive stylistics. The author provides a justification for the necessity of such a style and presents fundamental concepts for the description of an inclusive style. The ideology of social inclusion is the theoretical foundation upon which the programme is based. The ideology of social inclusion is predicated on the notion that an inclusive society is both legitimate and stimulates the promotion of inclusive communication in social practice. The author further develops his theory of such communication, and, building on its background, he presents ideas aimed at illuminating an inclusive style. He comprehends this style as the unity of inclusive communication and language style, and consequently responds to the need to clarify communication and language style, as well as the relationship between them. The study calls for empirical investigation of communication from the perspective of inclusive language use, alongside the monitoring of anti-inclusive factors.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: inclusive society
  topic: keywords
subject: social inclusion
  topic: keywords
subject: inclusive communication
  topic: keywords
subject: communication style
  topic: keywords
subject: language style
  topic: keywords
subject: inclusive style
  topic: keywords
creator: Juraj Dolník
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Juraj Dolník https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 543
ending page: 557
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0044

Fonologické procesy v prúde posunkovania
type: item
description: Segments in spoken and sign language interaction do not produce individual units in isolation but in a continuous stream of expression. When using language for communication, the forms of segments can be simplified to make communication more efficient for both communicators and communicants. This communication can result in changes in the way formal units of language are formed. It follows that, as in spoken languages, there are considerable differences in how sign languages are articulated. The differences may manifest in lexis and syntax and in phonetic differences related to social and linguistic factors. In this paper, we focus on the linguistic factors causing differences in the articulation of signs, specifically on the phonological processes within which different adaptations in the forms of signs may occur. For this reason, we will approach several phonological processes in the stream of signing occurring in different national sign languages compared to Slovak sign language and their characteristic features. Understanding phonological processes in the realization of signing can enrich the field of phonetics and phonology in general.
subject: Rozhľady
  topic: section
subject: sign language
  topic: keywords
subject: sign parameters
  topic: keywords
subject: phonological processes
  topic: keywords
subject: assimilation
  topic: keywords
subject: reduction
  topic: keywords
subject: elision
  topic: keywords
subject: epenthesis
  topic: keywords
subject: metathesis
  topic: keywords
creator: Roman Vojtechovský
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Roman Vojtechovský https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-19
publication date: 2025-12-19
starting page: 509
ending page: 533
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0041

Quantitative Corpus Analysis of VladimirPutin’s Speeches
type: item
description: This study presents a quantitative analysis of Vladimir Putin’s public speeches from 1999 to 2024, utilizing a corpus of approximately 1.75 million words sourced from the official Kremlin website. Using computational linguistic techniques, including hierarchical cluster analysis, TF*IDF keyword extraction and temporal trend analysis, the research systematically examines the evolution of Putin’s rhetorical style and thematic content. Significant stylistic and thematic shifts are identified, particularly around 2012, coinciding with his return to the presidency and a notable increase in authoritarian governance. Prominent themes such as national identity, economic policy, security, and international conflicts vary significantly in prominence and shift in emphasis in response to key historical and political milestones. The findings reveal clear correlations between Putin’s language patterns and major political or critical events, including the Chechen conflict, Putin’s political rise and return to the presidency, the annexation of Crimea, and the recent military interventions in Ukraine. These findings demonstrate Putin’s strategic rhetorical adaptability within changing geopolitical contexts.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: corpus
  topic: keywords
subject: hierarchical clustering
  topic: keywords
subject: keyword analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: quantitative analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: political discourse
  topic: keywords
subject: Vladimir Putin
  topic: keywords
subject: TF*IDF
  topic: keywords
creator: Petr Pořízka
creator: Polina Ivankova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Petr Pořízka, Polina Ivankova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 366
ending page: 377
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0033

Corpus of Dramas by the Čapek Brothers From a Quantitative Perspective
type: item
description: This text presents the first quantitative analysis of the plays of the Čapek brothers, exploring the linguistic and stylistic differences between their individual and collaborative works. Utilizing computational methods and quantitative approaches, it analyses a corpus of ten plays, focusing on the distribution and proportion of parts of speech in both dialogue and stage directions. The analysis reveals significant stylistic differences: Josef Čapek is characterized by a descriptive language rich in nouns with fewer words overall, while Karel Čapek uses a more dynamic approach with a predominance of verbs. Cluster analysis shows that Josef’s dramas form a separate, distinct group when both dialogue and stage directions are considered, with stage directions showing particularly marked differences. Morphological coefficients, including the noun coefficient (Kn) and Busemann coefficient (B), quantitatively confirm these stylistic differences, with Josef’s plays showing extreme values that indicate high descriptive saturation, especially in the stage directions. This structural analysis not only provides quantitative evidence of different authorial styles, but also lays a foundation for future research.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: computational literary studies
  topic: keywords
subject: drama
  topic: keywords
subject: CapekDraCor
  topic: keywords
subject: Karel Čapek
  topic: keywords
subject: Josef Čapek
  topic: keywords
subject: quantitative analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: parts of speech
  topic: keywords
creator: Petr Pořízka
creator: Ján Mačutek
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Petr Pořízka, Ján Mačutek https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 378
ending page: 389
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0034

Longer Words, Easier-to-pronounce Phonemes: A Pilot Study
type: item
description: The study investigates the relationship between word length and phoneme sonority in six languages across diverse language families. Building on the principle of least effort and the Menzerath-Altmann law, the research is aimed to analyze the phoneme sonority using translated New Testament texts in Bilua, Bola, Czech, Gagauz, Jamamadi, and Tongan. The findings reveal that in languages with complex syllables, the tendency of longer words to contain shorter syllables—consistent with the Menzerath-Altmann law— results in a higher proportion of vowels, thereby increasing the mean phoneme sonority. In contrast, languages with simple syllable structures exhibit either a decrease in mean phoneme sonority or no clear trend. Further, mean consonant sonority increases with word length in Bilua, Czech, and Gagauz, while no clear trend is observed in Bola, Jamamadi, and Tongan. Conversely, mean vowel sonority increases with word length in Bola, Jamamadi, and Tongan, but remains stable or decreases in Bilua, Czech, and Gagauz. Overall, the analysis reveals consistent patterns linking word length and sonority across all six languages.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: principle of least effort
  topic: keywords
subject: phoneme
  topic: keywords
subject: sonority
  topic: keywords
subject: lenition
  topic: keywords
subject: word length
  topic: keywords
subject: syllable
  topic: keywords
creator: Ján Mačutek
creator: Radek Čech
creator: Michaela Koščová
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ján Mačutek, Radek Čech, Michaela Koščová https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 355
ending page: 365
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0032

Syntactic Complexity and Political Ideology: A Study of Czechoslovak andCzech Presidential Speeches
type: item
description: This study analyzes syntactic complexity in Czechoslovak and Czech presidential speeches, using a corpus of New Year’s addresses spanning nearly a century. Applying quantitative stylometric methods, we measure average sentence length (ASL), average clause length (ACL), mean dependency distance (MDD), and mean hierarchical distance (MHD) to compare syntactic structures across democratic and communist regimes. The results show that democratic presidents generally use more complex sentence structures, while communist-era speeches are syntactically simpler. However, individual differences are also observed inside groups. Husák exhibits higher complexity among communist leaders, and modern democratic presidents (Klaus, Zeman, Pavel) show a trend toward simplification. These findings confirm ideological influences on presidential rhetoric and highlight a broader shift toward linguistic accessibility in contemporary political speech.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: political discourse
  topic: keywords
subject: syntactic complexity
  topic: keywords
subject: presidential speeches
  topic: keywords
subject: ideology
  topic: keywords
subject: Czechoslovakia
  topic: keywords
creator: Miroslav Kubát
creator: Michaela Nogolová
creator: Xinying Chen
creator: Žaneta Stiborská
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Miroslav Kubát, Michaela Nogolová, Xinying Chen, Žaneta Stiborská https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 345
ending page: 354
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0031

A Corpus-based Analysis of Color Imagery in the Poetry Collection Dar by Maša Haľamová
type: item
description: The study presents a methodological approach that employs an annotated corpus to track the frequency of colors and their shades, as well as to visualize color clusters and their preferences. Corpus analysis reveals that the highest frequencies in the debut collection Dar [The Gift] are found in red, yellow with gold, white, but also gray and green. The results indicate that the color palette in the collection functions as an integral component of lyrical structure and actively contributes to the process of spiritualization. The poetic symbolization of color and its compositional use in expressing spirituality are part of the author’s artistic strategy.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: color imagery
  topic: keywords
subject: corpus
  topic: keywords
subject: Maša Haľamová
  topic: keywords
subject: poetry of the heart
  topic: keywords
subject: the poetry collection Dar [The Gift]
  topic: keywords
subject: spiritualization
  topic: keywords
creator: Katarína Gajdošová
creator: Ivica Hajdučeková
creator: Peter Malčovský
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Katarína Gajdošová, Ivica Hajdučeková, Peter Malčovský https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 335
ending page: 344
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0030

Advanced Syntactic Phenomena in the NomVallex Lexicon
type: item
description: NomVallex 2.5 is a valency lexicon of Czech nouns and adjectives that besides valency of particular noun and adjectival lexical units captures several valencyrelated syntactic phenomena, namely (i) active and passive syntax, (ii) systemic and non-systemic valency behavior, (iii) reflexivity and reciprocity, and (iv) negation. These phenomena, represented in the lexicon mostly by deverbal and deadjectival derivatives, are described here with respect to the derivational category of denominal adjectives. Though being regarded as less typical representatives of valency bearers in the non-verbal domain, denominal adjectives turned out to be involved in all of the studied syntactic phenomena. Their syntactic behavior thus can be viewed as similar to other derivational categories, especially to deverbal adjectives.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: denominal adjectives
  topic: keywords
subject: negation
  topic: keywords
subject: reciprocity
  topic: keywords
subject: valency
  topic: keywords
subject: valency lexicon
  topic: keywords
subject: syntax
  topic: keywords
creator: Veronika Kolářová
creator: Václava Kettnerová
creator: Jiří Mírovský
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Veronika Kolářová, Václava Kettnerová, Jiří Mírovský https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 322
ending page: 332
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0029

Modelling Valency Frames Using Inheritance: The Case of Czech Adjectives -telný ‘able’
type: item
description: We introduce a first step to modelling valency frames of selected types of nominals. We work on the assumption that nominals inherit – at least to some extent – valency from their base verbs. We illustrate this task in a case study focused on modelling valency frames of Czech deverbal adjectives -telný ‘able’. First, the valency frames of the adjectives -telný contained in NomVallex are compared with the valency frames of their base verbs in VALLEX. Based on this comparison, two formal rules describing valency changes in the valency frames of adjectives -telný are formulated. Second, for each lexical unit of a verb that satisfies the conditions imposed by some of the rules, the derived adjective -telný is extracted from DeriNet, if such an adjective is available. Third, the valency frame of the adjective is derived from the valency frame of the verb based on the respective rule. Lastly, the accuracy of both rules is verified in the corpus data. The experiment has shown that the valency of these adjectives can be modeled on the rule basis. However, if this task is to be accurate, it requires advanced linguistic information, namely the information on semantic class membership of verbs and on compound adjectives.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: inheritance of valency
  topic: keywords
subject: deverbal adjectives
  topic: keywords
subject: valency lexicons
  topic: keywords
subject: derivational relations
  topic: keywords
subject: suffixes
  topic: keywords
subject: Czech
  topic: keywords
creator: Václava Kettnerová
creator: Jiří Mírovský
creator: Michal Olbrich
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Václava Kettnerová, Jiří Mírovský, Michal Olbrich https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 312
ending page: 321
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0028

Do Frequency Types Matter in Lexicography?
type: item
description: Word frequency in a corpus can be calculated in several different ways. Amongst the most common frequency types are the absolute frequency, the document frequency, ALDF and ARF. This paper focuses on comparing these four types in terms of “word correctness.” For determining whether a word is correct or not, we use the data gathered for the Czech lexicon used for the recent Czech Dictionary Express project. In this project, each of the top 100,000 most frequent headwords was reviewed by several Czech native speakers, who decided whether the word should be accepted or rejected or has some minor issues. The quality of the “word correctness” is further discussed in the paper.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: corpus annotation
  topic: keywords
subject: semi-automatic dictionary drafting
  topic: keywords
subject: Dictionary Express
  topic: keywords
subject: word frequency
  topic: keywords
subject: frequency type
  topic: keywords
subject: absolute frequency
  topic: keywords
subject: document frequency
  topic: keywords
subject: ALDF
  topic: keywords
subject: ARF
  topic: keywords
subject: Czech
  topic: keywords
creator: Marek Blahuš
creator: Vojtěch Kovář
creator: František Kovařík
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Marek Blahuš, Vojtěch Kovář, František Kovařík https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 303
ending page: 311
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0027

From Rule-based Proofreader Beta Opravidlo to AI-powered Opravidlo 2.0
type: item
description: The demand for accurate and error-free written communication in Czech has led to the development of automated proofreading tools. Beta Opravidlo, a rule-based online proofreader launched in 2022, demonstrated high precision and recall in correcting Czech texts. However, its reliance on predefined linguistic rules limited recall and processing speed. With advancements in machine learning and large language models (LLMs), a transition toward AI-powered proofreading became necessary. This article explores the evolution from Beta Opravidlo to Opravidlo 2.0, integrating deep neural networks to enhance correction capabilities. We discuss proofreading as a machine learning task, compare traditional rule-based and neural approaches, and challenges such as explainability, system integration or computational requirements. The most effective solution is a hybrid approach combining rule-based precision with AI-driven adaptability. Opravidlo 2.0 aims to improve recall, optimize inference time, and extend support to other Slavic languages. This interdisciplinary effort highlights the potential of AI-powered proofreading to set new standards in language correction and usability.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: Opravidlo
  topic: keywords
subject: proofreader
  topic: keywords
subject: Czech language
  topic: keywords
subject: AI-powered proofreader
  topic: keywords
creator: Hana Žižková
creator: Zuzana Nevěřilová
creator: Jakub Machura
creator: Aleš Horák
creator: Dana Hlaváčková
creator: Patrik Stano
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hana Žižková, Zuzana Nevěřilová, Jakub Machura, Aleš Horák, Dana Hlaváčková, Patrik Stano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 290
ending page: 299
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0026

Annotated Slovak Datasets for Toxicity, Hate Speech, and Sentiment Analysis
type: item
description: The rise of social media has led to an increase in toxic language, hate speech, and offensive content. While extensive research exists for widely spoken languages like English, Slovak remains underrepresented due to the lack of high-quality datasets. This gap limits the development of effective models for toxicity detection and sentiment analysis in Slovak. To address this, we introduce three new annotated Slovak datasets focused on toxic language, offensive language, hate speech detection, and sentiment analysis. These native datasets provide a more reliable foundation for automated moderation compared to machine-translated alternatives. Our research also highlights the real-world impact of online toxicity, including social polarization and psychological distress, emphasizing the need for proactive detection systems on social media platforms. This paper reviews existing Slovak datasets, presents our newly developed resources, and provides a comparative analysis. Finally, we outline key contributions and suggest future directions for improving toxic language detection in Slovak.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: datasets
  topic: keywords
subject: hate speech
  topic: keywords
subject: natural language processing
  topic: keywords
subject: sentiment analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Slovak language
  topic: keywords
subject: toxic language
  topic: keywords
creator: Zuzana Sokolová
creator: Maroš Harahus
creator: Daniel Hládek
creator: Ján Staš
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Zuzana Sokolová, Maroš Harahus, Daniel Hládek, Ján Staš https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 279
ending page: 289
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0025

Tailored Fine-tuning for Comma Insertion in Czech
type: item
description: Transfer learning techniques, particularly the use of pre-trained Transformers, can be trained on vast amounts of text in a particular language and can be tailored to specific grammar correction tasks, such as automatic punctuation correction. The Czech pre-trained RoBERTa model demonstrates outstanding performance in this task (Machura et al. 2022); however, previous attempts to improve the model have so far led to a slight degradation (Machura et al. 2023). In this paper, we present a more targeted fine-tuning of this model, addressing linguistic phenomena that the base model overlooked. Additionally, we provide a comparison with other models trained on a more diverse dataset beyond just web texts.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: comma
  topic: keywords
subject: Czech
  topic: keywords
subject: Fine-tuning
  topic: keywords
subject: Large Language Model (LLM)
  topic: keywords
creator: Jakub Machura
creator: Hana Žižková
creator: Patrik Stano
creator: Tereza Vrabcová
creator: Dana Hlaváčková
creator: Ondřej Trnovec
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jakub Machura, Hana Žižková, Patrik Stano, Tereza Vrabcová, Dana Hlaváčková, Ondřej Trnovec https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 268
ending page: 278
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0024

AI and the Translation of Idioms – Challenges, Success, and a Corpus Perspective
type: item
description: This study explores the capabilities of artificial intelligence in translating English idioms into Slovak, with and without contextual information. Using a dataset of 100 idioms and evaluating AI-generated translations against a validated bilingual dictionary of idioms, both qualitative and statistical analyses were employed. The results show an unexpectedly high accuracy in context-free translations, while context occasionally led to deterioration. McNemar’s test and a t-test confirmed a statistically significant shift in performance. The study highlights key advantages and limitations of AI, suggesting further research into reverse and cross-linguistic translation as well as employment of corpus-based methods.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: AI translation
  topic: keywords
subject: idiom translation
  topic: keywords
subject: phraseology
  topic: keywords
subject: machine translation evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: corpus linguistics
  topic: keywords
creator: Filip Kalaš
creator: Pavol Lipták
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Filip Kalaš, Pavol Lipták https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 258
ending page: 267
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0023

Financial Question-answering Dataset for Slovak Language Model Evaluation
type: item
description: The limited availability of language resources for Slovak presents a significant challenge for the development and evaluation of language models. In this paper, we introduce a multiple-choice question-answering dataset specifically designed for the financial domain in Slovak. The dataset contains 1,334 questions, each with one correct answer and four incorrect ones. It is systematically organized by topic and difficulty level to facilitate structured evaluation. Using this dataset, we assess the performance of several Slovak generative language models and compare their results against a general questionanswering dataset to analyze domain-specific model capabilities. The best-performing model is a monolingual Slovak model. Furthermore, the observed performance differences between financial-domain and general question-answering tasks suggest that domainspecific language modeling requires further research.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: question answering
  topic: keywords
subject: financial domain
  topic: keywords
subject: large language model
  topic: keywords
subject: evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Slovak language resource
  topic: keywords
creator: Daniel Hládek
creator: Kristián Sopkovič
creator: Ján Staš
creator: Zuzana Sokolová
creator: Matúš Pleva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Hládek, Kristián Sopkovič, Ján Staš, Zuzana Sokolová, Matúš Pleva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 247
ending page: 257
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0022

Redefining Terminology Work: The Role of Glossaries and TMs in Customized AI-driven Machine Translation
type: item
description: This study investigates whether traditional terminology work in the customization of machine translation (MT) systems can be effectively replaced by translation memories (TMs) alone. Given the growing reliance on AI-driven translation tools, we evaluated three MT configurations using English–Slovak technical documentation: a baseline (non-customized system), a system customized with both TMs and a glossary, and a system customized with TMs only. Since the text corpora for the given area were sufficient, we used the LLM model to generate additional training data. Results show that TM-only customization can achieve terminology translation accuracy nearly equivalent to setups that include glossaries—particularly when supported by high-quality, domain-specific bilingual data. Nonetheless, glossary-based customization further improves consistency, and terminology errors persist across all systems. This suggests that although automation of translation processes can reduce dependence on traditional terminology building, terminology databases remain essential for ensuring the quality (QA) of the output text. The study offers practical guidance for translators, terminologists, and developers of translation tools by emphasizing the importance of collaboration between automated and human-driven translation processes. It also underscores both the promise and limitations of LLM-generated data for domain adaptation in low-resource language settings.
subject: Štúdie
  topic: section
subject: terminology
  topic: keywords
subject: machine translation
  topic: keywords
subject: customization
  topic: keywords
subject: translation memory
  topic: keywords
subject: glossary
  topic: keywords
subject: AI
  topic: keywords
subject: domain adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: low-resource languages
  topic: keywords
subject: quality assurance
  topic: keywords
subject: post-editing
  topic: keywords
creator: Jakub Absolon
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jakub Absolon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 237
ending page: 246
doi: 10.2478/jazcas-2025-0021