Pre-Primary Education in Slovakia over the Last Three Decades: Temporal and Spatial Analysis

Abstract

The contribution focuses on an assessment of development trends of the network of pre-primary education facilities in Slovakia, using the example of kindergartens, through a comparative analysis of selected indicators from a temporal and spatial point of view over the last 30 years. The results indicate considerable heterogeneity in the development of kindergartens over time, with the initial decline followed by the current increase in the number of kindergartens, classes and children. The liberalization of the pre-primary education market resulted in an increase in the number of private and church kindergartens, predominantly in the cities and towns of Slovakia. The spatial distribution of kindergartens is significantly uneven, with up to one-third of Slovak municipalities not having a local kindergarten at all. This creates pressure to solve the problem of spatial availability for compulsory pre-school attendance. Studying the spatial distribution of preschool facilities is essential for ensuring that all children have equitable access to quality early childhood education. By examining how preschools are spread out geographically, policymakers can address disparities in access, allocate resources more effectively, plan for community needs, and promote long-term positive outcomes for children’s development. This research is fundamental for creating a more equitable, efficient, and accessible early education system