Reshaping Regions: A Silent Divergence Deepening Inequalities in Slovakia

Abstract

Migration plays a crucial role in reshaping regional socioeconomic disparities, particularly in post-socialist countries. This study examines migration patterns and their role in reinforcing spatial polarization in Slovakia. It aims to identify key economic, infrastructural, and demographic factors influencing migration trends and to assess their long-term impact on regional development. The study employs spatial panel econometric models to analyze district-level migration data in Slovakia spanning from 2002 to 2022. It utilizes migration efficiency indices, attraction efficiency indices, and gross migration balance rates in combination with economic variables: unemployment, GDP per capita, housing prices, and population structure. Spatial regression models account for spatial autocorrelation and interdependencies across districts. Findings indicate persistent west-east polarization, with Bratislava and western regions gaining population due to economic opportunities and suburbanization, while eastern Slovakia faces continued out-migration linked to economic stagnation and infrastructural deficiencies. Spatial effects show migration trends are significantly influenced by neighbouring districts, thus reinforcing cumulative regional advantages and disadvantages.