Standardization of Measurement and Imaging Protocols in Magnetic Resonance: An Overview of Current Initiatives, Challenges, and Perspectives

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most important imaging modalities in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research; however, its usability is significantly limited by the high technical and methodological variability across sites, scanners, and acquisition protocols. This lack of uniformity affects quantitative measurements, reduces their reproducibility, and complicates multicenter studies. In recent years, numerous initiatives and technical approaches have emerged, focusing on acquisition standardization, data harmonization, signal quality assessment, and validation of quantitative methods. This review summarizes current knowledge on neuroimaging data harmonization (e.g., ComBat), inter‑scanner variability, radiomic feature repeatability, standardized QA procedures, and the challenges associated with integrating artificial intelligence into clinical workflows. Metrological frameworks such as the Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Alliance (QIBA) further emphasize the need for clearly defined measurands, reference methods, and reproducible acquisition conditions. Special attention is given to large dataset initiatives, preclinical standardization platforms, and open tools for MRI quality assessment. The review highlights the need for unified methodologies, transparent protocols, and robust validation frameworks that are essential for the reliable clinical translatability of MRI.